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. 2020 Jul 8;10:11222. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66732-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Grand average ERPs (all conditions) and scalp difference maps (Violation minus Control). Music violations shown top panel; Language and double violations in bottom panel. Familiar (lefthand plots) and Unfamiliar (righthand) melody conditions plotted separately. Note that independent music and language N400 responses would be expected to yield a larger such effect for the familiar melody double-violation condition (solid green, bottom left) due to additive combination with the music N400. Instead, a sub-additive pattern obtains, indicated by the very similar N400s for language violations whether concurrent music violations obtained (green) or not (blue).