Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable analysis of factors associated with having detectable antibodies (IgM and/or IgG and/or IgA).
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative (n = 524) | Positive (n = 54) | P value | OR | (95% CI) | p value | OR | (95% CI) | p value | ||
| Sexa | Male | 148 (28%) | 13 (24%) | 0.52b | 1 | 0.52 | ||||
| Female | 376 (72%) | 41 (76%) | 1.24 | (0.65; 2.38) | ||||||
| Agec,d | 42 (12) | 40 (12) | 0.11e | 0.98 | (0.96; 1.00) | 0.11 | 0.98 | (0.95; 1.00) | 0.09f | |
| Professional categorya | Otherg | 90 (17%) | 8 (15%) | 0.89b | 1 | 0.89 | ||||
| Lab technician/other tech. | 41 (8%) | 4 (7%) | 1.10 | (0.31; 3.85) | ||||||
| Nurses/auxiliary nursesi | 262 (50%) | 26 (48%) | 1.12 | (0.49; 2.55) | ||||||
| Physicians | 131 (25%) | 16 (30%) | 1.37 | (0.56; 3.35) | ||||||
| Daily contact with patientsa | No | 113 (22%) | 10 (19%) | 0.60b | 1 | 0.60 | ||||
| Yes | 411 (78%) | 44 (81%) | 1.21 | (0.59; 2.48) | ||||||
| Working in a COVID-19 unita | No | 284 (54%) | 31 (57%) | 0.65b | 1 | 0.65 | ||||
| Yes | 240 (46%) | 23 (43%) | 0.88 | (0.50; 1.55) | ||||||
| Close contact with COVID-19 confirmed or suspected casea | No | 127 (24%) | 10 (19%) | 0.35b | 1 | 0.35 | ||||
| Yes | 397 (76%) | 44 (81%) | 1.41 | (0.69; 2.88) | ||||||
| Previously diagnosed with COVID-19 by rRT-PCRa | No | 518 (99%) | 21 (39%) | <0.0001j | 1 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 6 (1%) | 33 (61%) | 135.67 | (51.27; 359.01) | ||||||
| Comorbiditiesa,h | No | 471 (90%) | 46 (85%) | 0.28b | 1 | 0.29 | ||||
| Yes | 53 (10%) | 8 (15%) | 1.55 | (0.69; 3.45) | ||||||
| Household sizec,d | 2.7 (1.2) | 2.9 (1.1) | 0.37e | 1.11 | (0.88; 1.41) | 0.37 | 1.25 | (0.96; 1.62) | 0.09f | |
| Received Flu vaccine (2019–2020 season)a | No | 309 (59%) | 30 (56%) | 0.63b | 1 | 0.63 | ||||
| Yes | 215 (41%) | 24 (44%) | 1.15 | (0.65; 2.02) | ||||||
| Reporting COVID-19 compatible symptom within the previous monthsa | No | 357 (68%) | 11 (20%) | <0.0001b | 1 | <0.0001 | 1 | <0.0001f | ||
| Yes | 167 (32%) | 43 (80%) | 8.36 | (4.20; 16.61) | 8.84 | (4.41; 17.73) | ||||
an (Column percentage).
bChi-squared test.
cArithmetic mean (SD) [n].
dOdds ratio per unit increase.
eT-test.
fWald test.
gIncludes, cleaning, kitchen and maintenance staff.
hComorbidities include: heart and liver disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory and renal disease, cancers and autoimmune, and other immunological disorders.
iIncludes strecher-bearer.
jFisher’s exact test.