Table 3.
Group Averages (mean ± 1 SD) for all Test Scores in the Age Group < 16 years
| Females | Males | [DEX] ANOVA | [DEX × sex] ANOVA | [DEX] Mann- Whitney U test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEX (n = 7) | Controls (n = 8) | DEX (n = 12) | Controls (n = 17) | F P | F P | U P | |
| Blood count | |||||||
| Hemoglobin | 127.7 (6.5) | 129.3 (8.2) | 132.0 (9.0) | 134.1 (11.1) | F = 0.0 P = 0.893 | F = 0.5 P = 0.491 | |
| Erythrocytesa | 4.78 (0.44) | 4.56 (0.30) | 4.72 (0.22) | 4.93 (0.36) | U = 182.0 P = 0.385 | ||
| Leukocytes | 6.65 (2.89) | 5.24 (2.08) | 6.12 (1.06) | 5.25 (0.93) | F = 0.9 P = 0.771 | F = 4.5 P = 0.040 | |
| Thrombocytes | 268.2 (52.0) | 271.0 (53.8) | 295.9 (38.9) | 275.9 (60.9) | F = 0.01 P = 0.916 | F = 1.3 P = 0.258 | |
| Glucose-insulin metabolism | |||||||
| Glucose | 4.77 (0.21) | 4.44 (0.58) | 4.95 (0.36) | 4.71 (0.28) | F = 14.6 P = 0.001 | F = 2.0 P = 0.162 | |
| HbA1c | 33.00 (2.10) | 31.71 (1.98) | 32.00 (2.70) | 31.54 (2.18) | F = 1.1 P = 0.301 | F = 0.2 P = 0.621 | |
| C-peptidea | 0.41 (0.1) | 0.50 (0.24) | 0.50 (0.21) | 0.48 (0.19) | U = 196.5 p = 0.578 | ||
| Insulina | 5.77 (1.56) | 7.60 (4.74) | 7.18 (5.13) | 7.04 (3.90) | U = 198.5 P = 0.613 | ||
| HOMA-β a | 86.65 (20.57) | 148.91 (44.34) | 101.53 (57.55) | 114.68 (51.23) | U = 117.5P = 0.048 | ||
| HOMA-IRa | 1.16 (0.33) | 1.59 (1.17) | 1.71 (1.24) | 1.5 (0.90) | U = 194.0 P = 0.978 | ||
| Renal function | |||||||
| Creatinine | 41.4 (5.8) | 39.6 (7.9) | 37.7 (8.2) | 37.8 (9.1) | F = 1.6 P = 0.215 | F = 1.2 P = 0.284 | |
| Sodiuma | 139.0 (1.0) | 138.5 (1.5) | 138.8 (1.1) | 138.0 (2.8) | U = 267.5 P = 0.464 | ||
| Potassium | 3.91 (0.12) | 3.79 (0.18) | 3.92 (0.22) | 3.81 (0.21) | F = 5.5 P = 0.025 | F = 0.1 P = 0.765 | |
| Cystatin C | 0.717 (0.095) | 0.726 (0.089) | 0.798 (0.116) | 0.771 (0.067) | F = 0.1 P = 0.773 | F = 0.3 P = 0.579 | |
| GFR (cystatin C; CAPA) | 139.9 (19.6) | 133.8 (18.0) | 125.3 (21.4) | 127.3 (14.2) | F = 0.0 P = 0.988 | F = 0.3 P = 0.613 | |
| GFR (creatinine; Schwartz bedside) | 114.66 (8.83) | 135.81 (18.76) | 133.26 (17.55) | 134.39 (35.44) | F = 2.2 P = 0.144 | F = 2.8 P = 0.103 | |
| U-albumina | 12.0 (3.8) | 12.2 (4.4) | 12.5 (4.6) | 10.8 (4.0) | U = 179.5 P = 0.068 | ||
| U-creatininea | 12.0 (3.8) | 12.2 (4.4) | 12.5 (4.6) | 10.8 (3.9) | U = 235.5 P = 0.488 | ||
| U-Alb/Crea ratioa | 1.24 (0.17) | 0.72 (0.32) | 0.72 (0.47) | 1.33 (2.00) | U = 155.0 P = 0.372 | ||
| Blood lipids | |||||||
| Triglyceridesa | 0.60 (0.49) | 0.50 (0.16) | 0.51 (0.24) | 0.61 (0.26) | U = 174.0 P = 0.209 | ||
| Cholesterol | 4.3 (0.85) | 4.18 (0.47) | 3.84 (0.71) | 4.30 (0.65) | F = 0.3 P = 0.563 | F = 2.4 P = 0.134 | |
| HDL | 1.64 (0.39) | 1.58 (0.15) | 1.50 (0.25) | 1.45 (0.19) | F = 0.6 P = 0.438 | F = 0.0 P = 0.853 | |
| LDL | 2.43 (0.65) | 2.38 (0.47) | 2.07 (0.57) | 2.57 (0.63) | F = 1.0 P = 0.321 | F = 2.3 P = 0.136 | |
| LDL/HDL-ratio | 1.59 (0.62) | 1.51 (0.35) | 1.46 (0.30) | 1.81 0.52) | F = 0.6 P = 0.448 | F = 2.2 P = 0.150 | |
F statistics and P values for the main effect of DEX and the interaction between DEX and sex are presented for normally distributed variables. For nonnormally distributed variables, P values and U statistics (Mann-Whitney U test) are presented. DEX-treated individuals had significantly lower HOMA-β and higher plasma glucose and plasma potassium levels than untreated controls. They also had a higher blood leukocyte count.
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; C, Controls; CAPA, Caucasian, Asian, pediatric and adult; DEX, DEX-treated individuals; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipids; HOMA-β, homeostatic model assessment for beta-cell function; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipids.
aNonparametric statistics were used.