Table 4.
Group Averages (mean ± 1 SD) for all Test Scores in the Age Group ≥ 16 years
| Females | Males | [DEX] ANOVA | [DEX × sex] ANOVA | [DEX] Mann-Whitney U test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEX (n = 11) | C (n = 27) | DEX (n = 10) | C (n = 23) | F P | F P | U P | |
| Blood count | |||||||
| Hemoglobin | 132.7 (9.9) | 131.3 (10.4) | 152.6 (8.7) | 149.1 (7.0) | F = 1.0 P = 0.332 | F = 0.2 P = 0.690 | |
| Erythrocytes | 4.55 (0.38) | 4.54 (0.30) | 5.15 (0.28) | 5.03 (0.23) | F = 0.6 P = 0.444 | F = 0.5 P = 0.491 | |
| Eeukocytes | 6.56 (2.08) | 5.95 (1.55) | 5.64 (1.59) | 6.11 (1.30) | F = 0.3 P = 0.868 | F = 1.7 P = 0.198 | |
| Thrombocytes | 244.3 (47.8) | 240.0 (40.6) | 228.6 (35.1) | 243.0 (50.5) | F = 0.2 P = 0.657 | F = 0.7 P = 0.409 | |
| Glucose-insulin metabolism | |||||||
| Glucose | 4.67 (0.33) | 4.77 (0.40) | 5.16 (0.65) | 5.11 (0.52) | F = 0.0 P = 0.835 | F = 0.3 P = 0.603 | |
| HbA1c | 32.2 (2.8) | 31.1 (2.8) | 31.0 (2.1) | 31.2 (2.0) | F = 0.6 P = 0.434 | F = 0.7 P = 0.402 | |
| C-peptidea | 0.66 (0.16) | 0.75 (0.20) | 0.68 (0.26) | 0.64 (0.23) | U = 463.5 P = 0.513 | ||
| Insulina | 9.34 (3.65) | 11.15 (4.69) | 9.05 (6.16) | 9.68 (4.63) | U = 416.0 P = 0.251 | ||
| HOMA-β a | 164.4 (77.1) | 182.4 (73.2) | 127.1 (65.9) | 119.3 (56.2) | U = 372.0P = 0.616 | ||
| HOMA-IRa | 1.86 (0.76) | 2.36 (1.13) | 2.36 (1.55) | 2.23 (1.25) | U = 375.0 P = 0.560 | ||
| Renal function | |||||||
| Creatine | 63.1 (9.1) | 63.0 (9.1) | 78.4 (6.0) | 79.1 (12.7) | F = 0.0 P = 0.854 | F = 0.0 P = 0.828 | |
| Sodium | 138.8 (1.3) | 139.3 (1.8) | 140.2 (1.1) | 140.5 (3.3) | F = 0.3 P = 0.578 | F = 0.0 P = 0.861 | |
| Potassium | 3.90 (0.27) | 3.76 (0.30) | 3.86 (0.27) | 3.87 (0.41) | F = 0.7 P = 0.401 | F = 0.8 P = 0.384 | |
| Cystatin C | 0.77 (0.08) | 0.77 (0.09) | 0.79 (0.12) | 0.81 (0.09) | F = 0.2 P = 0.658 | F = 0.1 P = 0.807 | |
| GFR (cystatin C; CAPA) | 116.4 (14.1) | 116.2 (15.3) | 112.4 (19.8) | 108.5 (13.7) | F = 0.3 P = 0.609 | F = 0.2 P = 0.669 | |
| GFR (creatinine; (Schwartz bedside) | 95.85 (11.18) | 99.76 (15.16) | 85.04 (7.15) | 84.35 (11.61) | F = 0.1 P = 0.916 | F = 0.2 P = 0.623 | |
| U-albumin | 10.50 (8.50) | 11.81 (10.37) | 7.14 (3.62) | 8.35 (4.92) | U = 250.5 P = 0.685 | ||
| U-creatininea | 15.94 (3.99) | 14.80 (8.07) | 22.26 (8.07) | 20.10 (7.29) | U = 514.5 P = 0.335 | ||
| U-albumin/creatininea | 0.55 (0.35) | 0.89 (0.97) | 0.29 (0.11) | 0.42 (0.23) | U = 221.0 P = 0.380 | ||
| Blood lipids | |||||||
| Triglyceridesa | 0.87 (0.44) | 0.70 (0.32) | 0.83 (0.37) | 0.76 (0.32) | U = 604.5 P = 0.316 | ||
| Cholesterol | 4.75 (0.67) | 4.26 (0.77) | 4.45 (0.85) | 3.78 (0.55) | F = 9.8 P = 0.003 | F = 0.2 P = 0.644 | |
| HDL | 1.67 (0.22) | 1.52 (0.35) | 1.28 (0.22) | 1.30 (0.36) | F = 0.8 P = 0.361 | F = 1.0 P = 0.330 | |
| LDL | 2.69 (0.59) | 2.41 (0.63) | 2.78 (0.89) | 2.16 (0.55) | F = 7.4 P = 0.009 | F = 1.1 P = 0.306 | |
| LDL/HDLa | 1.71 (0.58) | 1.67 (0.68) | 2.26 (0.90) | 1.82 (0.74) | U = 591.5 P = 0.233 | ||
F statistics and p-values for the main effect of DEX and the interaction between DEX and sex are presented for normally distributed variables. For non-normally distributed variables, p-values and U statistics (Mann-Whitney U test) are presented. DEX-treated individuals showed significantly higher plasma total cholesterol levels and low-density lipid cholesterol.
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; C, Controls; CAPA, Caucasian, Asian, pediatric and adult; DEX, DEX-treated individuals; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipids; HOMA-β, homeostatic model assessment for beta-cell function; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipids.
bNonparametric statistics were used.