Table 3.
Results of the Neuropsychological Tests Comparing CAH Patients With Population Controls (means ± 1 SD)
| Female | Male | [CAH] | [CAH × Sex] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAH (n = 17) | Control (n = 27) | CAH (n = 15) | Control (n = 25) | Effect size (Cohen’s d) | F statistics | P | F statistics | P | |
| General intellectual ability (estimated IQ) | |||||||||
| WISC-III Block Design (S) | 10.7 (3.5) | 11.6 (2.8) | 11.7 (2.9) | 11.0 (3.1) | –0.06 | 0.5 | 0.819 | 0.79 | 0.377 |
| WISC-III Vocabulary (S) | 11.3 (2.7) | 11.1 (2.3) | 11.9 (1.6) | 10.4 (2.1) | 0.52 | 2.38 | 0.127 | 3.10 | 0.082 |
| Executive functions | |||||||||
| WISC-III Coding (S) | 11.6 (2.8) | 12.3 (3.2) | 10.6 (2.1) | 9.4 (2.5) | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.926 | 1.60 | 0.209 |
| WISC-III Digit Span (S) | 9.2 (2.7) | 10.7 (3.3) | 11.0 (3.1) | 10.6 (3.2) | –0.27 | 0.44 | 0.508 | 2.21 | 0.141 |
| Span Board Forward (T) | 51.2 (10.5) | 53.2 (10.0) | 55.0 (10.4) | 50.7 (10.6) | 0.13 | 0.32 | 0.574 | 0.61 | 0.438 |
| Span Board Backward (T) | 56.0 (8.9) | 56.7 (8.8) | 60.2 (7.9) | 54.9 (8.0) | 0.36 | 2.22 | 0.141 | 2.53 | 0.116 |
| Stroop interference (T) | 54.8 (4.1) | 52.4 (4.9) | 52.5 (8.2) | 51.0 (3.5) | 0.50 | 0.92 | 0.340 | 1.10 | 0.297 |
| Learning and long-term memory | |||||||||
| NEPSY List Learning (S) | 12.4 (2.1) | 11.0 (3.2) | 11.5 (2.3) | 10.7 (2.7) | 0.61 | 1.53 | 0.221 | 0.45 | 0.502 |
Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) and P values are shown for all findings. Positive effect sizes represent higher scores in the CAH cohort, whereas negative effect sizes represent higher scores in the control group (C). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups.
Scaled scores: population mean = 10 (SD = 3); T-scores: population mean = 50 (SD = 10).
Abbreviations: CAH, congenital adrenal hyperplasia; NEPSY, Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment; S, scaled score; T, T-score; WISC-III, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III.