Table 2.

Comparison of spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of the control, SLM and DLM groups

Variable	Control	Pre-surgery		Post-surgery
		SLM	DLM	SLM	DLM
Spatiotemporal parameters
Walking speed (m/s)	1.28 ± 0.13	1.13 ± 0.12a	1.11 ± 0.11a	1.26 ± 0.12c	1.25 ± 0.13c
Cadence (steps/min)	113.26 ± 8.43	108.78 ± 8.51	112.02 ± 6.65	112.39 ± 8.35	115.37 ± 8.65
Stride length (m)	0.68 ± 0.04	0.62 ± 0.06a	0.57 ± 0.06a	0.66 ± 0.04c	0.67 ± 0.05c
Kinematics (°)
Sagittal plane
Maximum knee flexion angle during stance phase	23.59 ± 3.69	18.77 ± 5.52a	14.68 ± 4.13a	22.68 ± 3.16c	19.84 ± 3.84c
Maximum knee extension angle during stance phase	9.95 ± 3.08	8.08 ± 3.72	7.03 ± 3.35	9.88 ± 3.24	7.89 ± 4.10
Maximum knee flexion angle during swing phase	70.87 ± 2.55	65.96 ± 4.38a	62.88 ± 4.54a	69.10 ± 4.13c	67.49 ± 4.66c
Range of Flexion-Extension	63.36 ± 2.64	61.05 ± 3.03	58.85 ± 4.13a	62.54 ± 4.26	61.64 ± 4.75c
Coronal plane
Maximum knee adduction angle during stance phase	3.18 ± 1.86	2.39 ± 2.04	4.08 ± 2.09	2.17 ± 1.72	1.95 ± 1.99
Maximum knee abduction angle	-5.83 ± 1.90	-4.52 ± 2.27	-2.39 ± 1.63a	-4.71 ± 2.19	-4.78 ± 2.54c
Maximum knee adduction angle during swing phase	5.97 ± 1.77	4.37 ± 2.80	6.86 ± 2.28	5.22 ± 2.98	5.03 ± 4.20
Range of Adduction-Abduction	11.91 ± 2.37	9.06 ± 2.09a	9.40 ± 2.02a	10.01 ± 2.21c	9.95 ± 2.27
Transverse plane
Maximum knee internal rotation angle	0.33 ± 2.73	-0.67 ± 2.95	-1.22 ± 3.34	1.18 ± 3.48	-0.03 ± 3.23
Range of Internal-External rotation	18.82 ± 4.25	16.76 ± 4.38	17.80 ± 4.43	18.48 ± 3.96	17.75 ± 3.76

^aIndicates significance of P < 0.05 between the SLM and DLM groups with the control group.

^bIndicates significance of P < 0.05 between the SLM and DLM groups.

^cIndicates significance of P < 0.05 before and after surgery.