Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Antiretroviral therapy caused mitochondirial dysfunction and increased ROS production in vitro. Antiretroviral therapy, particularly efavirenz has been implicated in causing mitochondrial dysfunction, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cell death. Moreover, drugs induced increased expression of JNK, AMPK and BimEL. AMPK, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase; BimEL, BIM‐extra‐long; JNK, Jun N‐terminal kinases
