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. 2020 Jun 30;7:336. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00336

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Copyright © 2020 Nakagun and Kobayashi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Distribution of various macrophages in hepatic trematode infected livers of the harbor porpoise (left), Dall's porpoise (center), and Hubbs' beaked whale (right). (A–C) Iba1-positive macrophages aggregate in moderate numbers within areas of the periportal hepatic parenchyma. (A, case no. 1; B, case no. 12; C, case no. 17). (D–F) CD68-positive macrophages (arrowheads) are infrequent in all three species (D, case no. 2; E, case no. 11; F, case no. 17). (G–I) CD163-positive Kuppfer cells in the periportal hepatic parenchyma are found in close numbers across all three species (G, case no. 3; H, case no. 15; I, case no. 18). (J–L) CD204-positive Kuppfer cells in the periportal hepatic parenchyma appear to be most abundant in the Hubbs' beaked whale (J, case no. 6; K, case no. 13; L, case no. 17).