Table 1.

Contraindication for early mobilization and rehabilitation in the intensive care unit

RASS: Richmond agitation-sedation scale IABP: intra-aortic balloon pumping PCPS: percutaneous cardiopulmonary support ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

1) No permission from the attending physician

2) Too agitated (RASS ≧ 2)

3) Severe arousal disorder (RASS ≦ −3)

4) Unstable circulation that requires the use of assistive devices such as IABP or PCPS/ECMO

5) Too low blood pressure with a large amount of vasopressor

6) Unstable blood pressure by only changing body position

7) Untreated aneurysm

8) Uncontrolled pain

9) Neurological instability: intracranial pressure (ICP) ≧ 20 cmH2O

10) Unstable head and spinal injuries

11) Unstable fracture

12) Active bleeding

13) Insufficient and unstable catheter or infusion line

14) Insufficient staff for safety

15) No informed consent