AAALAC	Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International
CKD	chronic kidney disease
CMC	carboxymethylcellulose
Da	Dalton
ESI	electrospray ionisation
FGF	fibroblast growth factor
FXR	farnesoid X receptor
GC	gas chromatography
GCDCA	glycochenodeoxycholic acid
HA	hippuric acid
HCA	hierarchical clustering analysis
i.p.	intraperitoneal
IAA	indole-3-acetic acid
IS	3-indoxylsulfate
ID	inner diameter
LC	liquid chromatography
MS	mass spectrometry
MRM	multiple reaction monitoring
MTBE	2-Methoxy-2-methylpropan
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
O-PLS-DA	orthogonal projection of latent structures
p.o.	per os, by mouth
PCA	principal component analysis
PCoA	principal coordinate analysis
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
s.c.	subcutaneous
SPE	solid phase extraction
TCA	taurocholic acid
TCDCA	taurochenodeoxycholic acid
TGR5	trans-membrane-bound G-protein-coupled receptor
UHPLC-ESI	ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization
VDR	vitamin D receptor
QIIME	Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology
α-MCA	alpha-muricholic acid