Figure 6.

Lumped parameter Windkessel estimation of embryonic chick arterial impedance. (A) 3-element (B₀) and 4-element (B₁) lumped parameter models of the embryonic circulation as electrical circuit analogs; (B) representative time domain pressure and flow waveforms for stage 18 and 24 chick embryos. Bold lines represent pressure and thin lines represent blood flow data; (C) representative fit results based on models B₀ and B₁ for stage 18 and 24 data. Solid lines represent experimental pressure data and dashed lines represent model-predicted pressure waveforms. r², the coefficient of determination; RMSE, root mean square error. This was reproduced with permission [102].