Figure 13.

Ventricular–vascular uncoupling during acute conotruncal (CT) occlusion. Representative pressure–volume loops at baseline, during buffer infusion, and after CT clamp in a stage 21 chick embryo. Note the increased end-systolic pressure despite reduced stroke volume during CT clamp consistent with contractile reserve and only a modest increase in end-systolic pressure during infusion consistent with a curvilinear end-systolic PV relation. This was adapted with permission [98].