Table 1.
Chemical compositions of the EOs from H. bella.
| No. | RT | a KI | Components | b % ± SD | c IM | d Ref. | e CID | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaves | Rhizomes | Whole Plant | |||||||
| 1 | 18.21 | 939 | α-Pinene | 1.43 ± 0.09 | 4.96 ± 0.11 | 8.75 ± 0.15 | Std | 6654 | |
| 2 | 19.15 | 954 | Camphene | 4.28 ± 0.09 | 1.22 ± 0.05 | Std | 6616 | ||
| 3 | 20.71 | 979 | β-Pinene | 4.61 ± 0.10 | 16.07 ± 0.37 | 25.52 ± 0.43 | Std | 14896 | |
| 4 | 23.43 | 1029 | Limonene | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 1.45 ± 0.11 | 1.49 ± 0.09 | Std | 22311 | |
| 5 | 23.63 | 1031 | 1,8-Cineole | 0.90 ± 0.07 | 2.03 ± 0.10 | 10.50 ± 0.11 | Std | 2758 | |
| 6 | 29.82 | 1149 | Camphor | - | 1.56 ± 0.07 | - | Std | 2537 | |
| 7 | 30.22 | 1150 | Camphene hydrate | - | 0.29 ± 0.03 | - | MS-RI | [30] | 101680 |
| 8 | 31.05 | 1169 | Borneol | - | 0.97 ± 0.06 | - | Std | 64685 | |
| 9 | 31.44 | 1177 | Terpinen-4-ol | - | 0.31 ± 0.02 | - | Std | 11230 | |
| 10 | 32.14 | 1189 | α-Terpineol | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 1.46 ± 0.13 | 0.97 ± 0.09 | MS-RI | [31] | 17100 |
| 11 | 36.43 | 1289 | Bornyl acetate | - | 0.88 ± 0.05 | - | Std | 6448 | |
| 12 | 38.45 | 1347 | 1,5,5-Trimethyl-6-methylene-cyclohexene | 0.16 ± 0.01 | - | - | MS | 578237 | |
| 13 | 39.01 | 1351 | α-Cubebene | 0.08 ± 0.01 | - | - | Std | 84609 | |
| 14 | 39.9 | 1375 | α-Ylangene | 0.12 ± 0.02 | - | - | MS | 442409 | |
| 15 | 40.13 | 1377 | α-Copaene | 0.53 ± 0.10 | 0.43 ± 0.09 | - | Std | 442355 | |
| 16 | 40.46 | 1388 | β-Bourbonene | 0.39 ± 0.07 | - | - | MS | 62566 | |
| 17 | 40.55 | 1391 | β-Elemene | 0.27 ± 0.04 | 0.32 ± 0.08 | - | MS | 6918391 | |
| 18 | 41.28 | 1410 | α-Gurjunene | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 2.39 ± 0.017 | 1.47 ± 0.14 | MS | 15560276 | |
| 19 | 41.77 | 1419 | E-β-Caryophyllene | 7.32 ± 0.35 | 4.08 ± 0.08 | 5.56 ± 0.23 | Std | 5281515 | |
| 20 | 42.02 | 1432 | β-Copaene | 0.29 ± 0.01 | - | - | Std | 57339298 | |
| 21 | 42.34 | 1441 | Aromadendrene | 0.42 ± 0.03 | - | - | MS | 91354 | |
| 22 | 42.49 | 1441 | cis-α-Ambrinol | 0.34 ± 0.02 | - | - | MS | 24858722 | |
| 23 | 42.55 | 1448 | 10s,11s-Himachala-3(12),4-diene | 0.37 ± 0.02 | - | - | MS | 14038471 | |
| 24 | 42.64 | 1450 | cis-Muurola-3,5-diene | 0.55 ± 0.09 | 0.31 ± 0.04 | - | MS | 51351708 | |
| 25 | 42.74 | 1454 | trans-Muurola-3,5-diene | 1.06 ± 0.07 | - | - | MS | 102512379 | |
| 26 | 42.91 | 1455 | α-Humulene | 6.48 ± 0.19 | 9.68 ± 0.09 | 5.64 ± 0.21 | Std | 5281520 | |
| 27 | 43.05 | 1460 | Alloaromadendrene | 2.26 ± 0.04 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 1.08 ± 0.04 | MS | 91354 | |
| 28 | 43.44 | 1480 | γ-Muurolene | 3.79 ± 0.06 | 1.42 ± 0.04 | 1.50 ± 0.04 | MS-RI | [32] | 12313020 |
| 29 | 43.45 | 1483 | α-Elemene | 0.43 ± 0.01 | - | MS | 10583 | ||
| 30 | 43.59 | 1485 | α-Amorphene | 1.33 ± 0.04 | - | 1.09 ± 0.05 | MS | 101708 | |
| 31 | 43.75 | 1485 | Germacrene D | 17.47 ± 0.17 | 1.08 ± 0.03 | 5.84 ± 0.013 | MS | 5317570 | |
| 32 | 43.83 | 1490 | β-Selinene | 7.11 ± 0.09 | - | MS | 442393 | ||
| 33 | 43.84 | 1493 | δ-Selinene | 0.78 ± 0.04 | - | 0.36 ± 0.02 | MS | 10123 | |
| 34 | 43.99 | 1496 | Valencene | 0.37 ± 0.01 | - | MS | 9855795 | ||
| 35 | 44.02 | 1496 | Ledene (viridiflorene) | 11.13 ± 0.08 | - | 5.11 ± 0.10 | MS-RI | [33] | 10910653 |
| 36 | 44.07 | 1498 | α-Selinene | 2.20 ± 0.14 | - | Std | 10856614 | ||
| 37 | 44.08 | 1500 | α-Muurolene | 2.89 ± 0.07 | - | 0.74 ± 0.04 | Std | 12306047 | |
| 38 | 44.26 | 1502 | Epizonarene | 0.78 ± 0.04 | - | - | MS-RI | [34] | 595385 |
| 39 | 44.34 | 1512 | δ-Amorphene | 1.92 ± 0.12 | - | - | MS | 10223 | |
| 40 | 44.39 | 1512 | cis-γ-Cadinene | 0.84 ± 0.05 | 1.07 ± 0.02 | - | MS | 6429304 | |
| 41 | 44.42 | 1514 | γ-Cadinene | 1.73 ± 0.07 | - | - | MS | 6432404 | |
| 42 | 44.55 | 1522 | 7-epi-α-Selinene | 1.48 ± 0.13 | - | 0.54 ± 0.04 | MS | 10726905 | |
| 43 | 44.66 | 1523 | δ-Cadinene | 3.84 ± 0.11 | 1.07 ± 0.9 | 2.87 ± 0.11 | MS | 441005 | |
| 44 | 44.77 | 1529 | trans-Calamenene | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | - | MS | 6429022 | |
| 45 | 44.82 | 1530 | Zonarene | 0.86 ± 0.09 | - | - | MS-RI | [34] | 6428488 |
| 46 | 45.13 | 1532 | Epiglobulol | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 6.48 ± 0.09 | - | MS | 11858788 | |
| 47 | 45.22 | 1550 | cis-Muurola-5-en-4-β-ol | 0.27 ± 0.01 | - | - | MS | 91749819 | |
| 48 | 45.36 | 1566 | β-Calacorene | 0.14 ± 0.02 | - | - | MS | 529621 | |
| 49 | 45.94 | 1568 | Cadala-1(10),3,8,triene | 0.11 ± 0.02 | - | - | MS | 593889 | |
| 50 | 46.27 | 1571 | Palustrol | 0.47 ± 0.04 | - | - | MS-RI | [35] | 110745 |
| 51 | 46.45 | 1578 | Spathulenol | 2.55 ± 0.08 | 1.21 ± 0.9 | 3.22 ± 0.17 | Std | 92231 | |
| 52 | 46.62 | 1583 | Caryophyllene oxyde | - | 0.88 ± 0.03 | - | MS | 14350 | |
| 53 | 46.71 | 1585 | Globulol | 2.40 ± 0.10 | 0.71 ± 0.04 | 2.48 ± 0.09 | MS | 12304985 | |
| 54 | 46.95 | 1593 | Viridiflorol (ledol) | 1.12 ± 0.08 | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 1.30 ± 0.09 | MS | 11996452 | |
| 55 | 47.22 | 1596 | β-Eudesmol | 1.28 ± 0.07 | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 1.06 ± 0.04 | MS | 91457 | |
| 56 | 47.35 | 1608 | α-Humulene epoxide II | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 2.10 ± 0.04 | - | MS | 5363694 | |
| 57 | 47.71 | 1616 | Epicubenol | 1.31 ± 0.04 | 0.78 ± 0.02 | 1.27 ± 0.07 | MS-RI | [36] | 12046149 |
| 58 | 47.86 | 1620 | Isospathulenol | 1.01 ± 0.02 | - | 1.07 ± 0.02 | MS-RI | [37] | 14038848 |
| 59 | 47.92 | 1625 | Guaiol | - | 0.57 ± 0.01 | - | Std | 227829 | |
| 60 | 48.04 | 1640 | α-epi-Cadinol | 2.10 ± 0.08 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | - | Std | 12302222 | |
| 61 | 48.10 | 1640 | α-epi-Muurolol | 1.10 ± 0.04 | 2.17 ± 0.12 | 1.31 ± 0.09 | Std | 3084331 | |
| 62 | 48.15 | 1642 | Cubenol | 0.58 ± 0.02 | - | - | Std | 519857 | |
| 63 | 48.25 | 1642 | γ-Cadinol | - | 1.42 ± 0.06 | - | Std | 91753503 | |
| 64 | 48.41 | 1654 | α-Cadinol | 3.53 ± 0.03 | 1.25 ± 0.04 | 4.24 ± 0.05 | Std | 10398656 | |
| 65 | 48.47 | 1654 | β-Cadinol | - | 0.43 ± 0.01 | - | Std | 12302231 | |
| 66 | 48.52 | 1682 | Ledene-oxide-(II) | 0.84 ± 0.02 | 1.21 ± 0.04 | - | MS | 534497 | |
| 67 | 48.55 | 1684 | Eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol | - | 3.83 ± 0.08 | - | MS | 6432454 | |
| 68 | 50.62 | 1927 | 8-(2-Acetyloxiran-2-yl)-6,6-dimethylocta-3,4-dien-2-one | - | 1.59 ± 0.04 | - | MS | 539293 | |
| 69 | 52.07 | 1939 | 2-Methyl-4(2,6,6-trimethyl ciclohen-1-enyl)but-2-en-1-ol | - | 0.50 ± 0.02 | - | MS | 569166 | |
| 70 | 60.49 | 2184 | Z-Retinal | - | 2.14 ± 0.05 | - | MS | 6436082 | |
| Total | 96.26 | 95.25 | 96.2 | ||||||
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 7.27 | 28.79 | 36.98 | ||||||
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | 0.11 | 5.47 | 11.47 | ||||||
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 69.72 | 32.55 | 31.80 | ||||||
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 18.82 | 24.21 | 15.95 | ||||||
| Diterpenes | 0 | 2.14 | - | ||||||
| Others | 0.34 | 2.09 | - | ||||||
Data represent mean values ± SD for three independent determinations. a Retention indices relative to n-alkanes series. b Content of components. c Identification methods (IM): MS by comparison of the mass spectrum with those of the available mass libraries Adams, NIST 11, and by interpretation of the fragmentations in mass spectra. RI by comparison of retention index with those reported in literature. Std by comparison of the retention time and mass spectrum of available authentic standards. d Papers provided data in order to compare the relative RI. e PubChem: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.