Table 2.
Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for depressive symptoms among older men (n = 3592) and older women (n = 3939) in the 2017 Korean Living Profile Survey of Older People.
| Older Men | Older Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| Emotional support exchange | ||||||||
| No exchange | 1.49 (1.17–1.90) ** | 1.87 (1.50–2.34) ** | ||||||
| Receiving support only | 1.17 (0.81–1.69) | 1.78 (1.36–2.33) ** | ||||||
| Providing support only | 1.34 (0.68–2.65) | 1.96 (1.14–3.36) ** | ||||||
| Mutual support (reference) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Instrumental support exchange | ||||||||
| No exchange | 0.76 (0.49–1.16) | 0.95 (0.67–1.34) | ||||||
| Receiving support only | 0.84 (0.55–1.29) | 0.75 (0.52–1.08) | ||||||
| Providing support only | 0.58 (0.31–1.10) | 1.14 (0.80–1.66) | ||||||
| Mutual support | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Caring support exchange | ||||||||
| No exchange | 0.71 (0.44–1.16) | 1.25 (0.86–1.82) | ||||||
| Receiving support only | 0.84 (0.50–1.40) | 1.07 (0.73–1.57) | ||||||
| Providing support only | 0.65 (0.20–2.14) | 1.61 (0.79–3.28) | ||||||
| Mutual support | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Financial support exchange † | ||||||||
| No exchange | 3.83 (2.34–6.24) ** | 1.73 (1.06–2.83) * | ||||||
| Receiving support only | 1.81 (1.36–2.42) ** | 1.19 (0.95–1.48) | ||||||
| Providing support only | 1.10 (0.32–3.79) | 2.82 (1.21–6.56) * | ||||||
| Mutual support | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Adjusted R2 | 0.155 | 0.152 | 0.151 | 0.166 | 0.185 | 0.171 | 0.171 | 0.173 |
| Hosmer & Lemeshow (p-value) | 0.992 | 0.977 | 0.988 | 0.805 | 0.964 | 0.329 | 0.482 | 0.873 |
Adjusted by age, educational level, place of residence, equivalent household income, living arrangements, number of chronic diseases, number of friends/siblings and relatives in close contact, social participation and working status. † p < 0.05 by Wald chi-square statistics for testing the differences between coefficients for men and women; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.