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. 2020 Jun 24;10(6):129. doi: 10.3390/membranes10060129
DD - diffusion dialysis
A [m2] area
c [moll] molar concentration
F [ls] volumetric flow rate
FeCl2 [-] iron chloride (II)
HCl [-] hydrochloric acid
Ji [molm2·s] molar flux
Jw;Jos;Jdr [lm2·s] volumetric flux
i [-] Van´t Hoff coefficient
IN [-] initial
m [molkg] molality
M [gmol] molecular weight
Pi [ms] diffusive permeability
Pos [lbar·m2·s] osmotic permeability
R [l·barK·mol] gas constant
RR [%] recovery ratio
T [K] temperature
U [ms] overall mass transfer coefficient
V [l] volume
v [ms] linear velocity
ZnCl2 [-] zinc chloride
β [-] hydration number
η [%] recovery efficiency
v [lmol] molar volume
π [bar] osmotic pressure
ϕ [-] osmotic coefficient
Subscripts and Superscripts
ch channel
d diffusate
dr drag
exp experimental
f feed
i ith component (HCl or FeCl2 or ZnCl2)
m membrane
max maximum
mod modelling
os osmotic
r retentate
s solvent
t time
tot total
w water