Figure 1.

Oral dysbiosis and central nervous system (CNS) diseases: The described mechanisms may be involved in complex interactions among oral dysbiosis and CNS diseases. The central theme of CNS diseases pathogenesis is the presence of brain inflammation as illustrated by increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, LPS and macrophages polarization. The periodontal-derived pro-inflammatory molecules and bacterial products may reach the brain via systemic circulation and/or neural pathways, contributing to brain inflammation and inflammatory vicious cycle.