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. 2020 May 26;18(6):282. doi: 10.3390/md18060282

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Secreted VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) of ARPE-19 after three days of incubation with 1, 10, 50 and 100 µg/mL LD fucoidan (a), SL fucoidans (b) and FE fucoidans (c). VEGF amount was determined with ELISA and normalized to cell survival, making a quotient of VEGF and cell viability. 10–100 µg/mL LD_SiAT2 and 1–100 µg/mL SL_F2 and SL_F3 decreased VEGF significantly. Significant values were analyzed with ANOVA, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to the control (n ≥ 4, number of independent experiments).