Skip to main content
. 2020 Jun 13;9(6):325. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9060325

Table 3.

Summary of triterpenes with antimicrobial activity against resistant strains.

N. Common Name Chemical
Structure		 Tested
Microorganism		 Antimicrobial
Effect		 Source Ref.
Monoterpenes
1 Geraniol graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i001.jpg E. aerogenes Efflux Pump Inhibitor Species:
Helichrysum italicum 		[130]
2 Camphor graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i002.jpg S. aureus
E. coli
E. aerogenes
P. aeruginosa
K. pneumoniae
K. oxytoca
Salmonella spp.
A. baumannii
E. cloacae 		Growth inhibition Species:
Lavandula pedunculata subsp.atlantica (BRAUN-BLANQ)		 [129]
3 Linalool graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i003.jpg S. aureus
E. coli
P. aeruginosa
K. pneumoniae
K. oxytoca
Salmonella spp.
A. baumannii
E. cloacae 		Growth inhibition Species:
Lavandula pedunculata subsp.atlantica (BRAUN-BLANQ)		 [129]
4 Terpinen-4-ol graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i004.jpg S. aureus
E. coli
P. aeruginosa
K. pneumoniae
K. oxytoca
Salmonella spp.
A. baumannii
E. cloacae 		Growth inhibition Species:
Lavandula pedunculata subsp.atlantica (BRAUN-BLANQ)		 [129]
5 Borneol graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i005.jpg S. aureus
E. coli
E. aerogenes
P. aeruginosa
K. pneumoniae
K. oxytoca
A. baumannii
E. cloacae 		Growth inhibition Species:
Lavandula pedunculata subsp.atlantica (BRAUN-BLANQ)		 [129]
6 Fenchone graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i006.jpg S. aureus
E. coli
E. aerogenes
P. aeruginosa
K. pneumoniae
K. oxytoca
Salmonella spp.
A. baumannii
E. cloacae 		Growth inhibition Species:
Lavandula pedunculata subsp.atlantica (BRAUN-BLANQ)		 [129]
Sesquiterpenes
7 Farnesyl amine 2 graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i007.jpg S.aureus Growth inhibition [127]
8 Farnesyl phosphoramidothioic acid 6 graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i008.jpg S. aureus Growth inhibition [127]
9 Arnicolide D graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i009.jpg MRSA
MSSA		 Growth inhibition Species:
Centipeda minima 		[103]
10 Arnicolide C graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i010.jpg MRSA
MSSA		 Growth inhibition Species:
Centipeda minima 		[103]
11 Guaianolide 5 graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i011.jpg MRSA Growth inhibition Species:
Artemisia gilvescens 		[104]
12 Dehydroleucodine graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i012.jpg MRSA Growth inhibition Species:
Gynoxys verrucosa 		[105]
13 Xanthorrhizol graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i013.jpg MRSA
E. coli 		Growth inhibition Species:
Cinnamomum iners 		[106]
Diterpenes
14 Vitexolide A graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i014.jpg S. aureus Growth inhibition Species:
Vitex vestita 		[107]
15 Acuminolide graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i015.jpg S. aureus Growth inhibition Species:
Vitex vestita 		[107]
16 12-epivitexolide A graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i016.jpg S. aureus Growth inhibition Species:
Vitex vestita 		[107]
17 8(17),12E,14-labdatrien-6,19-olide graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i017.jpg MRSA Growth inhibition Species:
Salvia leriifolia 		[108]
18 8(17),11(Z),13(E)- trien-15,19-dioic acid graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i018.jpg MRSA Growth inhibition Species:
Caesalpinia decapetala 		[109]
19 (E)-8(17),12-labdadiene-15,16-dial graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i019.jpg S. aureus
MRSA		 Growth inhibition Species:
Zingiber montanum 		[110]
20 16α-hydroxycleroda-3, 13 (14)-Z-dien-15, 16-olide (CD) graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i020.jpg MRSA Growth inhibition Species:
Polyathia longifolia 		[128]
21 Coleon U graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i021.jpg MRSA
VRE		 Growth inhibition Species:
Plectranthus grandidentatus Plectranthus hereroensis 		[111]
22 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i022.jpg MRSA
VRE		 Growth inhibition Species:
Plectranthus grandidentatus Plectranthus hereroensis 		[111]
23 Horminone graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i023.jpg MRSA
VRE		 Growth inhibition Species:
Plectranthus grandidentatus Plectranthus hereroensis 		[111]
24 7α,12-dihydroxy-17(15-16)abeo-abieta-8,12,16-triene-11,14-dione graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i024.jpg MRSA
VRE		 Growth inhibition Species:
Plectranthus grandidentatus Plectranthus hereroensis 		[111]
25 16-Acetoxy-7α,12-dihydroxy-8,12-abietadiene-11,14-dione graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i025.jpg MRSA
VRE		 Growth inhibition Species:
Plectranthus grandidentatus Plectranthus hereroensis 		[111]
26 Sincoetsin C graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i026.jpg MRSA Growth inhibition Species:
Coleus blumei Benth. 		[112]
27 ent-8 (14),15-pimaradien-3β-ol graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i027.jpg S. aureus
S. capitis
S. haemolyticus
E. faecalis
E. epidermidis
S. pneumoniae 		Cell membrane disruption Species:
Viguiera arenaria 		[113]
28 rel-15(Ϛ),16-epoxy-7R-hydroxypimar-8,14ene graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i028.jpg MRSA Growth inhibition Species:
Plectranthus ernstii 		[114]
29 rel-15(Ϛ),16-epoxy-7-oxopimar-8,14-ene graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i029.jpg MRSA Growth inhibition Species:
Plectranthus ernstii 		[114]
30 1R,11S-dihydroxy-8R,13R-epoxylabd-14-ene graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i030.jpg MRSA Growth inhibition Species:
Plectranthus ernstii 		[114]
31 Isopimaric acid graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i031.jpg MRSA Growth inhibition Species:
Pinus nigra 		[115]
32 ent-kaurenoic acid graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i032.jpg S. aureus
S. capitis
S. epidermidis
S. haemolyticus
E. faecalis
MRSA		 Cell membrane disruption Species:
Mikania glomerate
Citrus reticulate 		[116,117]
33 ent-pimaradienoic acid graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i033.jpg S. aureus
S. capitis
S. epidermidis
S. haemolyticus
E. faecalis 		Cell membrane disruption Species:
Viguiera arenaria 		[116]
34 semisynthetic derivative of 33 graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i034.jpg S. aureus
S. capitis
S. epidermidis 		Cell membrane disruption [116]
35 ent-beyer-15-en-18-O-oxalate (BBN149) graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i035.jpg P. aeruginosa
K. pneumoniae 		Growth inhibition Species:
Fabiana densa var ramulosa 		[118]
Triterpenes
36 α- Amyrin graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i036.jpg MSSA
MRSA		 Growth inhibition [119]
37 Betulinic acid graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i037.jpg MSSA
MRSA		 Growth inhibition [119]
38 Betulinaldehyde graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i038.jpg MSSA
MRSA		 Growth inhibition [119]
39 Oleanolic acid graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i039.jpg MRSA
VRE		 Growth inhibition Species:
Salvia officinalis (Sage)		 [120]
40 Ursolic acid graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i040.jpg MRSA
VRE
NASEC
NAREC		 Growth inhibition Species:
Salvia officinalis (Sage)
Eucalyptus tereticornis
Alstonia scholaris 		[120,121,122]
41 Butyl ester of ursolic acid graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i041.jpg NASEC
NAREC		 Growth inhibition [121]
42 Isopropyl ester of ursolic acid graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i042.jpg NASEC
NAREC		 Growth inhibition [121]
43 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i043.jpg MRSA Growth inhibition Species:
Glycyrrhiza glabra 		[131]
44 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (CLF1) graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i044.jpg S. aureus
E. coli 		Growth inhibition Species:
Combretum leprosum 		[123]
45 16R-hydroxymollic graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i045.jpg VRE
MRSA		 Growth inhibition Species:
Acalypha communis 		[124]
46 15R-hydroxymollic graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i046.jpg VRE Growth inhibition Species:
Acalypha communis 		[124]
47 7β,16β-dihydroxy-1,23-dideoxyjessic acids graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i047.jpg VRE Growth inhibition Species:
Acalypha communis 		[124]
48 Aphagrandinoid D graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i048.jpg MRSA Growth inhibition Species:
Acacia grandifolia 		[125]
49 3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oic acid graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i049.jpg S. aureus
P. mirabilis
Salmonella 		Growth inhibition Species:
Protorhus longifolia 		[126]
50 methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oate graphic file with name antibiotics-09-00325-i050.jpg S. aureus
P. mirabilis
Salmonella 		Growth inhibition Species:
Protorhus longifolia 		[126]

MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus; MSSA, methicillin sensitive S. aureus; VRE, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis; NASEC, nalidixic acid-sensitive E. coli; NAREC, nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli.