Table 3.
Characteristics of participants *.
| First Author, Year | M/F | Age in Years (SD) | VO2max (mL/kg/min) | Sport | Competitive Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romer, 2002 [58] | 24/0 | E = 21.3 (1.1) P = 20.2 (0.7) |
E = 56.3 (0.9) P = 55.8 (1.7) |
Football, rugby, field hockey, and basketball | Recreational and semi-professional |
| Tong, 2006 [47] | 10/0 | T = 21.3 (1.2) | T = 62.9 (4.2) | Football and rugby | Recreational |
| Lin, 2007 [46] | 10/0 | T = 23.0 (2.0) | T = 51.0 (6.0) | Badminton | Recreational |
| Tong, 2008 [38] | 30/0 | E = 21.3 (0.9) P = 21.5 (2.1) C = 22.0 (1.9) |
E = 60.8 (4.7) P = 55.8 (7.9) C = 59.1 (5.2) |
Football and rugby | Recreational |
| Nicks, 2009 [59] | 20/7 | E = 19.8 (0.9) C = 19.9 (1.3) |
Not reported | Football | Professional |
| Tong, 2010 [50] | 18/0 | E = 21.1 (1.1) C = 22.3 (1.0) |
E = 59.0 (6.3) C = 58.1 (4.5) |
Football and rugby | Recreational |
| Guy, 2014 [32] | 31/0 | E = 26.6 (8.2) P = 23.9 (6.7) C = 21.3 (4.9) |
E = 44.0 (6.7) P = 42.9 (8.7) C = 46.3 (6.2) |
Football | Recreational |
| Archiza, 2017 [48] | 0/18 | E = 22.0 (3.9) P = 20.1 (2.0) |
E = 41.2 (4.0) P = 41.7 (3.8) |
Football | Professional |
| Nunes Júnior, 2018 [60] | 20/0 | E = 22.0 (4.0) C = 23.0 (2.0) |
Not reported | Rugby | Recreational |
| Najafi, 2019 [37] | 30/0 | E1 = 16.5 (0.7) E2 = 16.7 (0.5) P = 16.7 (0.8) |
Not reported | Football | Semi-professional |
* The data are reported as mean (SD). M/F = male/female; E = inspiratory muscle training group; P = placebo group; C = control group; T = total sample.