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. 2020 May 30;8(6):142. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8060142

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Heatmaps showing gene expression of ganglioside biosynthesis enzymes and the ‘ST8SIA1 + B4GALNT1’ gene signature score for cancer and healthy human tissues. (A) TCGA database profiles, (B) GTEx database profiles, (C) ANTE database profiles and compatible cancer samples, (D) TARGET database profiles. Color scale indicates log10-transformed DESeq2-normalized gene expression values. Sample types in each panel are sorted in descendent order by 2-gene gene signature score. TCGA disease codes and abbreviations: LAML: acute myeloid leukemia; ACC: adrenocortical carcinoma; TNBC: triple negative breast cancer; Non-TNBC: non-triple negative breast cancer; CESC: cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma; KICH: kidney chromophobe; KIRC: kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; COAD: colorectal adenocarcinoma; SKCM: skin cutaneous melanoma; DLBC: lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; GBM: glioblastoma multiforme; HNSC: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; LIHC: liver hepatocellular carcinoma; LGG: brain lower grade glioma; LUAD: lung adenocarcinoma; LUSC: lung squamous cell carcinoma; OV: ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma; KIRP: kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma; THCA: thyroid carcinoma; STAD: stomach adenocarcinoma; PRAD: prostate adenocarcinoma; BLCA: bladder urothelial carcinoma; UCS: uterine carcinosarcoma; UCEC: uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma; ESCA: esophageal carcinoma; PCPG: pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma; PAAD: pancreatic adenocarcinoma; MESO: mesothelioma; UVM: uveal melanoma; SARC: sarcoma; CHOL: cholangiocarcinoma; TGCT: testicular germ cell tumors; THYM: thymoma; EBV: Epstein–Barr virus; DDLPS: dedifferentiated liposarcoma; LMS: leiomyosarcoma; MFS/UPS: myxofibrosarcoma/undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma; ESCC: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; HPV+: human papillomavirus +; HPV-: human papillomavirus -; GS: genomically stable; CIN: chromosomal instability; MSI: microsatellite instability; CN: copy number; IDHmut-codel: IDH mutant with 1p/19q codeletion; IDHmut-non-codel: IDH mutant without 1p/19q codeletion; POLE: POLE-mutated. TARGET disease codes and abbreviations: AML: acute myeloid leukemia; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; NBL: neuroblastoma; RT: rhabdoid tumor; WT: Wilms’ tumor (nephroblastoma); NHL: non-Hodgkin lymphoma.