Table 3.
Newly Created Biosensors for the Identification of Various Contaminants in Food Items.
| Type of Sensor | Contaminant | Food Items | Detection Limit | Consuming Times | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optical Biosensor | |||||
| Chemiluminescence | Listeria monocytogenes | Milk | 1.1 log CFU/mL | 40 min | Shang et al. [125] |
| Colorimetric |
Cronobacter
sakazakii |
Powdered Infant |
3.85 log CFU/mL | 30 min | Kim et al. [126] Shukla et al. [127] |
| localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) | Salmonella typhimurium | Pork Meat | 4 log CFU/mL | 30–35 min | Oh et al. [128] |
| Interferometric | Escherichia coli | Buffer | 0.34 log CFU/mL | 2 h | Zaraee et al. [129] Janik [130] |
| Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) | Pseudomonas | Water | 7.09 log CFU/mL | 25 min | Mudgal et al. [131] Zhang et al. [132] |
| Mechanical Biosensor | |||||
| Multi-Channel Series Piezoelectric Guartz Crystal (MSPQC) | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Buffer | 1 log CFU/mL | 1 day | Ren et al. [133] He et al. [134] |
| Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) | Salmonella | Milk | 2 log CFU/mL | 10 min | Ozalp et al. [135] Farka et al. [136] |
| QCM | Campylobacter jejuni | Poultry | 1.30 log CFU/mL | 30 min | Wang et al. [137] Masdor et al. [138] |
| QCM | Staphylococcus aureus | Buffer | 7.41 log CFU/mL | 1 day | Pohanka [139] Noi et al. [140] |
| Electrochemical | |||||
| Potentiometric | Staphylococcus aureus | Pig skin | 2.90 log CFU/mL | 2 min | Zelada-Guillén et al. [141] Arora et al. [142] |
| Impedimetric | Salmonella Typhimurium | Apple Juice | 0.47 log CFU/mL | 45 min | Sheikhzadeh et al. [143] Bagheryan et al. [144] |
| Amperometric | Streptococcus agalactiae | Fish | 1–7 log CFU/mL | 90 min | Vásquez et al. [145] Arachchillaya [146] |
| Electrochemical Chemiluminescence (ELC) Biosensors | |||||
| Aptamer-Based ECL Sensors | Escherichia coli | Luria–Bertani Broth | 0.17 CFU/mL | 40 min | Hao et al. [147] |
| ECL Immunosensor | Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Seafood | 0.69 log CFU/mL | 1 h | Sha et al. [148] |
| Paper-Based Bipolar electrode ECL | Listeria monocytogenes | Buffer | 10 copies/μL | 10 s | Liu and Zhou [149] |
| Photoelectrochemical Biosensors | |||||
| label-Free Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor | Bisphenol | Milk | 0.5 nM | 90 s | Qiao et al. [150] |
| Tungsten Disulfide (WS2) Nanosheet-Based Photoelectrochemical |
Chloramphenicol | Milk Powder | 3.6 pM | 105 min | Zhou et al. [151] |
| Visible-Light Photoelectrochemical Aptasensing |
Sulfadimethoxine | Milk | 0.55 nM | 50 s | Okoth et al. [152] |