Table 2. Cognitive Measures in Untreated Patient Group vs Control Groupa.
| Test (theoretical score range) | Untreated patient group | Control group | Spearman ρb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of tests | Score, mean (SD) | Score, median (IQR) | Score range | No. of tests | Score, mean (SD) | Score, median (IQR) | Score range | ||
| MMSE (0-39), total | 189 | 17.3 (10.1) | 17 (9-25) | 0-38 | 220 | 26.3 (7.6) | 27 (21-32) | 4-38 | −0.56 |
| Overall MCCB | |||||||||
| Test results with confirmed validity (0-9), No. | 197 | 6.5 (3.0) | 8 (5-9) | 0-9 | 220 | 8.8 (0.7) | 9 (9-9) | 4-9 | −0.57 |
| Cognitive domains with confirmed validity (0-7), No. | 197 | 5.1 (2.2) | 6 (4-7) | 0-7 | 220 | 6.9 (0.4) | 7 (7-7) | 4-7 | −0.58 |
| Specific MCCB testsc | |||||||||
| TMT-A (0-300), s | 143 | 167 (97) | 140 (76-300) | 33-300 | 210 | 95 (81) | 66 (46-96) | 16-300 | 0.57 |
| BACS Symbol Coding (0-110), No. | 136 | 15.2 (12.2) | 15 (3-23) | 0-51 | 205 | 25.1 (15.8) | 25 (13.0-35.0) | 0-69 | −0.54 |
| HVLT-R (0-36), total | 157 | 9.2 (6.8) | 9 (3-14) | 0-27 | 220 | 15.5 (6.5) | 15 (11-20) | 0-33 | −0.51 |
| WMS-III Spatial Span (0-18), total | 156 | 7.4 (4.7) | 7 (4-11) | 0-18 | 220 | 12.4 (3.9) | 13 (10-15) | 3-22 | −0.58 |
| NAB Mazes (0-26), subtest | 160 | 2.9 (4.0) | 1 (0-4) | 0-19 | 214 | 7.7 (5.6) | 7 (3-11) | 0-24 | −0.59 |
| BVMT-R (0-36), total | 158 | 5.3 (5.2) | 4 (1-8) | 0-22 | 219 | 13.1 (8.3) | 12 (6-19) | 0-32 | −0.60 |
| CF Animal Naming, No. | 152 | 8.7 (5.4) | 8 (4-13) | 0-21 | 220 | 13.6 (4.3) | 14 (10.5-16.0) | 0-26 | −0.48 |
| CPT-IP (0-5), meand | 112 | 0.60 (0.67) | 0.33 (0.06-1.05) | 0-2.96 | 207 | 1.05 (0.81) | 0.92 (0.34-1.61) | 0-3.29 | −0.43 |
| RMET-CV-R (0-70), No.c | 96 | 25.4 (9.8) | 23 (18-32) | 11-55 | 210 | 30.3 (11.9) | 29 (21-41) | 7-57 | −0.35 |
Abbreviations: BACS Symbol Coding, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Symbol Coding subtest; BVMT-R, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised; CF Animal Naming, Category Fluency, Animal Naming test; CPT-IP, Continuous Performance Test–Identical Pairs version; HVLT-R, Hopkin’s Verbal Learning Test–Revised; MCCB, Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognition Battery; MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Examination; NA, not applicable; NAB Mazes, Neuropsychological Assessment Battery, Mazes subtest; RMET-CV-R, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, revised Chinese version; TMT-A, Trail Making Test, Part A; WMS-III Spatial Span, Wechsler Memory Scale, third edition, Spatial Span subtest.
Includes test results with confirmed validity on the MMSE and 9 cognitive tests (8 tests from the MCCB plus the RMET-CV-R).
Spearman partial correlation coefficient for the association between cognitive outcome and group (the untreated patient group was assigned a value of 1, and the control group was assigned a value of 0), controlled for sex, age, years of education, location of residence (rural vs urban), and ethnicity (Han vs Hui). Based on the statistical test for Spearman partial correlation coefficients,67 all P values were less than .001.
False discovery rates <.001.
Calculated using d′ reaction time.