Table 2. Estimated Means (SE) and Significance of Temporal Changes for Sleep Diary Data.
| Stage1 | Mean (SE) | Stage 2 | Mean (SE) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pretreatment (a) | Posttreatment 1 (b) | Change (b-a) | P value | Posttreatment 2 (c) | Change (c-b) | P value | Follow-up | ||||
| 3 mo | 6 mo | 12 mo | |||||||||
| Sleep onset latency, min | |||||||||||
| BT | 42.2 (3.6) | 21.1 (1.8) | −21.1 (3.2) | <.001 | BT+ZOL | 20.3 (1.9) | −1.5 (2.6) | .56 | 22.0 (3.0) | 23.6 (3.2) | 21.7 (3.2) |
| BT+CT | 18.7 (2.5) | −1.6 (2.6) | .53 | 19.3 (1.8) | 20.5 (2.4) | 18.4 (2.1) | |||||
| ZOL | 41.6 (4.1) | 29.9 (3.8) | −11.7 (3.5) | <.001 | ZOL+BT | 22.3 (4.1) | −8.4 (4.5) | .06 | 17.0 (2.6) | 16.3 (2.4) | 16.2 (2.0) |
| ZOL+trazodone | 17.6 (4.5) | −11.5 (6.4) | .07 | 18.5 (3.0) | 21.0 (3.3) | 21.2 (3.3) | |||||
| Wake after sleep onset, min | |||||||||||
| BT | 60.6 (3.9) | 27.6 (2.1) | −33.0 (3.6) | <.001 | BT+ZOL | 31.2 (5.3) | 6.2 (5.2) | .23 | 26.5 (3.7) | 26.2 (3.2) | 25.5 (3.2) |
| BT+CT | 39.3 (4.5) | 9.1 (4.3) | .03 | 34.4 (3.9) | 30.6 (3.7) | 30.5 (3.7) | |||||
| ZOL | 59.4 (3.8) | 42.8 (5.1) | −16.6 (5.5) | .003 | ZOL+BT | 31.2 (5.3) | −10.5 (5.7) | .06 | 29.7 (4.8) | 28.9 (4.8) | 32.7 (8.0) |
| ZOL+trazodone | 32.0 (8.1) | −11.9 (9.8) | .22 | 20.9 (3.5) | 22.0 (4.4) | 19.2 (3.7) | |||||
| Total sleep time, min | |||||||||||
| BT | 360.4 (8.6) | 370.9 (7.5) | 10.6 (5.9) | .07 | BT+ZOL | 356.3 (16.1) | −9.6 (13.5) | .48 | 398.4 (8.6) | 404.7 (9.3) | 414.9 (7.4) |
| BT+CT | 371.4 (14.0) | −4.7 (9.9) | .64 | 400.8 (9.4) | 401.0 (11.1) | 407.4 (11.8) | |||||
| ZOL | 357.6 (9.6) | 390.7 (12.2) | 33.1 (11.7) | .005 | ZOL+BT | 390.4 (16.7) | 1.9 (17.0) | .91 | 411.6 (12.1) | 413.7 (11.1) | 408.0 (11.7) |
| ZOL+trazodone | 431.5 (19.8) | 38.6 (23.6) | .10 | 455.7 (8.3) | 451.5 (12.4) | 448.1 (10.1) | |||||
| Sleep efficiency, % | |||||||||||
| BT | 71.3 (1.4) | 83.7 (0.9) | 12.5 (1.1) | <.001 | BT+ZOL | 81.5 (1.9) | −2.1 (2.1) | .32 | 83.9 (1.3) | 84.5 (1.4) | 85.7 (1.4) |
| BT+CT | 81.8 (1.9) | −2.1 (1.5) | .14 | 84.2 (1.3) | 81.9 (1.4) | 85.4 (1.2) | |||||
| ZOL | 71.8 (1.4) | 77.6 (2.2) | 5.8 (1.8) | .001 | ZOL+BT | 83.2 (1.9) | 5.9 (2.6) | .02 | 84.4 (1.8) | 85.2 (1.6) | 85.0 (1.8) |
| ZOL+trazodone | 84.5 (3.0) | 6.6 (4.1) | .11 | 87.3 (1.3) | 87.0 (1.4) | 88.1 (1.2) | |||||
Abbreviations: BT, behavior therapy; CT, cognitive therapy; ZOL, zolpidem.