Table 1.

Summary of potential effects of the most prevalent Fc-glycans on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). N-Glycolylneuraminic acid form of sialic acid (NGNA).

Fc-Glycans	Potential Effects	References
Fucose	Absence of core fucose enhances: FcγRIIIa binding ADCC activity	[48,51,52,53,54]
Galactose	Enhances antibody binding to C1q and CDC	[44,45]
Sialic acid	Anti-inflammatory activity NGNA reduces FcγRIIIa binding and ADCC activity NGNA may be immunogenic in human Removal of sialic acid decreases half-life	[36,39] [35,36] [18,19,20] [3,25]
High Mannose	Decreases half-life Increases FcγRIIIa binding and ADCC activity Decreases antibody binding to C1q and CDC	[17,25,29] [55] [29,55]
Bisecting GlcNAc	Increases FcγRIIIa binding and ADCC activity	[44,47,48,49]