Table 1.
General characteristic of study population.
| Household Income | Total | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||||||
| N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | |
| Maternal mortality within 6 weeks | ||||||||||
| No | 712,181 | (21.4) | 934,801 | (28.0) | 1,141,944 | (34.3) | 545,384 | (16.4) | 3,334,310 | (100.0) |
| Yes | 103 | (29.2) | 101 | (28.6) | 109 | (30.9) | 40 | (11.3) | 353 | (0.0) |
| Maternal mortality within 1 year | ||||||||||
| No | 712,013 | (21.4) | 934,643 | (28.0) | 1,141,781 | (34.3) | 545,293 | (16.4) | 3,333,730 | (100.0) |
| Yes | 271 | (29.1) | 259 | (27.8) | 272 | (29.2) | 131 | (14.0) | 933 | (0.0) |
| Age | ||||||||||
| 15–19 | 8547 | (38.6) | 6066 | (27.4) | 4863 | (21.9) | 2685 | (12.1) | 22,161 | (0.7) |
| 20–24 | 82,388 | (33.5) | 75,140 | (30.6) | 57,490 | (23.4) | 30,750 | (12.5) | 245,768 | (7.4) |
| 25–29 | 297,788 | (24.5) | 392,193 | (32.2) | 379,210 | (31.2) | 147,843 | (12.2) | 1,217,034 | (36.5) |
| 30–34 | 247,843 | (17.3) | 371,285 | (26.0) | 554,448 | (38.8) | 256,196 | (17.9) | 1,429,772 | (42.9) |
| 35–39 | 66,037 | (17.8) | 79,919 | (21.6) | 131,580 | (35.5) | 93,213 | (25.1) | 370,749 | (11.1) |
| 40–44 | 9358 | (19.7) | 9938 | (20.9) | 14,017 | (29.5) | 14,220 | (29.9) | 47,533 | (1.4) |
| 45+ | 323 | (19.6) | 361 | (21.9) | 445 | (27.0) | 517 | (31.4) | 1646 | (0.1) |
| Type of Insurance | ||||||||||
| Self-employed | 192,498 | (22.7) | 238,148 | (28.1) | 246,191 | (29.1) | 170,341 | (20.1) | 847,178 | (25.4) |
| Employees | 506,078 | (20.5) | 696,754 | (28.2) | 895,862 | (36.2) | 375,083 | (15.2) | 2,473,777 | (74.2) |
| Medical aids | 13,708 | (100.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 13,708 | (0.4) |
| Residential areas | ||||||||||
| Seoul metropolitan area | 125,958 | (16.4) | 205,117 | (36.3) | 278,116 | (36.3) | 157,821 | (20.6) | 767,012 | (23.0) |
| Other metropolitan areas | 185,561 | (22.6) | 241,853 | (33.9) | 277,992 | (33.9) | 115,560 | (14.1) | 820,966 | (24.6) |
| Small cities | 339,180 | (22.0) | 430,280 | (27.9) | 527,291 | (34.2) | 247,153 | (16.0) | 1,543,904 | (46.3) |
| Rural areas | 61,585 | (30.4) | 57,652 | (28.4) | 58,654 | (28.9) | 24,890 | (12.3) | 202,781 | (6.1) |
| Working status | ||||||||||
| Working | 388,195 | (25.5) | 484,546 | (31.8) | 504,894 | (33.1) | 146,527 | (9.6) | 1,524,162 | (45.7) |
| Not working | 324,089 | (17.9) | 450,356 | (24.9) | 637,159 | (35.2) | 398,897 | (22.0) | 1,810,501 | (54.3) |
| Mode of delivery | ||||||||||
| Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 212,734 | (21.1) | 283,464 | (28.1) | 347,942 | (34.5) | 165,745 | (16.4) | 1,009,885 | (30.3) |
| Instrumental delivery | 225,129 | (21.6) | 292,984 | (28.1) | 357,996 | (34.4) | 166,181 | (15.9) | 1,042,290 | (31.3) |
| Cesarean section | 274,421 | (21.4) | 358,454 | (28.0) | 436,115 | (34.0) | 213,498 | (16.7) | 1,282,488 | (38.5) |
| Preterm birth | ||||||||||
| No | 696,139 | (21.4) | 914,927 | (28.1) | 1,116,091 | (34.3) | 531,301 | (16.3) | 3,258,458 | (97.7) |
| Yes | 16,145 | (21.2) | 19,975 | (26.2) | 25,962 | (34.1) | 14,123 | (18.5) | 76,205 | (2.3) |
| Prenatal care | ||||||||||
| Adequacy | 603,111 | (20.8) | 808,661 | (28.1) | 1,009,233 | (34.8) | 482,523 | (16.6) | 2,903,528 | (87.1) |
| Intermediate | 94,884 | (24.8) | 112,202 | (29.3) | 119,376 | (31.2) | 56,568 | (14.8) | 383,030 | (11.5) |
| Inadequacy | 142,89 | (29.7) | 14,039 | (29.2) | 13,444 | (28.0) | 6333 | (13.2) | 48,105 | (1.4) |
| Multiple birth | ||||||||||
| No | 700,305 | (21.4) | 919,814 | (28.2) | 1,116,645 | (34.2) | 528,913 | (16.2) | 3,265,677 | (97.9) |
| Yes | 11,979 | (17.4) | 15,088 | (21.9) | 25,408 | (36.8) | 16,511 | (23.9) | 68,986 | (2.1) |
| Maternal comorbidities | ||||||||||
| No | 459,537 | (22.3) | 595,813 | (28.9) | 691,905 | (33.5) | 315,584 | (15.3) | 2,062,839 | (61.9) |
| Yes | 252,747 | (19.9) | 339,089 | (26.7) | 450,148 | (35.4) | 229,840 | (18.1) | 1,271,824 | (38.1) |
| Type of hospital | ||||||||||
| More than 500 beds | 36,833 | (17.7) | 46,270 | (22.2) | 76,453 | (36.6) | 49,138 | (23.6) | 208,694 | (6.3) |
| 100–499 beds | 72,230 | (19.2) | 95,109 | (25.3) | 134,393 | (35.7) | 74,561 | (19.8) | 376,293 | (11.3) |
| 30–99 beds | 277,987 | (20.5) | 382,313 | (28.2) | 474,664 | (35.1) | 218,689 | (16.2) | 13,536,53 | (40.6) |
| Less than 30 beds | 325,234 | (23.3) | 411,210 | (29.5) | 456,543 | (32.7) | 203,036 | (14.5) | 1,396,023 | (41.9) |
| Total | 712,284 | (21.4) | 934,902 | (28.0) | 1,142,053 | (34.3) | 545,424 | (16.4) | 3,334,663 | (100.0) |