Table 2.
Types of microdevices for bladder cancer detection in urine.
| Microdevices | Detected Marker | Assay Type | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Negative pressure-driven microfluidic chip | APOA1 protein via antibody capture on magnetic microbead | ELISA | [34] |
| Magnetic nanoprobes with lectins platform | Glycoproteins via Glycoproteomics and CD44 expression | Slot-blot analysis, immunohistochemistry | [35] |
| Microfluidic multiplex electrochemical sensor | cfDNA via DNA hairpins bound to electrode, DNA methylation | SPR/EIS | [36] |
| Microfluidic antibody capture platform | Cancer cell capture via EpCAM on POx coating | Point-of-care test | [39] |
| Antibody conjugated nanoprobes immunosensor | Intracellular Gal-1 protein via immunosensor | Point-of-care test | [40] |
| Microfluidic label-free silicon-based electrical approach | Whole cells via membrane capacitance difference | Flow cytometry | [41] |
| Microfluidic double filtration | Extracellular vesicles via size filtration | ELISA | [37,38] |
APOA1: apolipoprotein 1; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; EIS: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; cfDNA: cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid; EVs: extracellular vesicles; EpCAM: epithelial cell adhesion molecule; Gal-1: galectin-1; POx: polyoxazoline.