Table 3.
SF-36 outcomes (mean, SD, p-value and effect size) are shown for IG (pre–post), CG (pre–post) and intervention control study (pre–post differences). Diff. means difference between post and baseline. Subscales: physical functioning (PF), role limitations due to physical problems (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health perceptions (GH), vitality (VT), social functioning (SF), role limitations due to emotional problems (RE), mental health (MH) and physical and mental health sum scores (PSC and MSC, respectively).
| Intervention Group | Control Group | Intervention–Control Study | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| Pre | Post | p Value a | Effect Size r b | Pre | Post | p Value a | Effect Size r b | diff. IG | diff. CG | p Value c | Effect Size r b | |
| PF | 91.52 (10.38) | 93.97 (10.17) | <0.001 | 0.26 | 96.51 (6.92) | 97.22 (6.79) | 0.056 | 0.19 | 2.45 (8.09) | 0.70 (5.18) | <0.001 | 0.21 |
| RP | 91.88 (21.97) | 95.89 (14.07) | 0.030 | 0.12 | 94.15 (18.85) | 97.19 (11.51) | 0.053 | 0.01 | 3.98 (23.09) | 3.28 (17.29) | >0.2 | 0.01 |
| BP | 77.15 (21.97) | 81.13 (19.62) | 0.013 | 0.14 | 83.68 (20.61) | 81.76 (17.98) | >0.2 | 0.15 | 4.04 (18.69) | −1.93 (18.55) | 0.01 | 0.16 |
| GH | 74.30 (14.88) | 76.47 (14.04) | 0.053 | 0.11 | 77.61 (15.35) | 77.67 (13.41) | >0.2 | 0.08 | 2.17 (12.08) | 0.02 (12.24) | 0.154 | 0.09 |
| VT | 62.86 (15.77) | 66.10 (14.67) | <0.001 | 0.19 | 63.74 (17.91) | 63.96 (16.45) | >0.2 | 0.13 | 3.24 (11.88) | 0.23 (13.94) | 0.025 | 0.14 |
| SF | 89.56 (15.32) | 93.75 (12.03) | <0.001 | 0.22 | 91.13 (14.70) | 92.63 (13.08) | >0.2 | 0.10 | 4.19 (13.21) | 1.34 (14.57) | 0.080 | 0.11 |
| RE | 92.99 (19.26) | 94.30 (19.25) | >0.2 | 0.04 | 95.44 (16.57) | 92.28 (21.44) | 0.090 | 0.13 | 1.27 (22.61) | −3.16 (19.49) | 0.018 | 0.15 |
| MH | 76.80 (12.39) | 80.01 (11.85) | <0.001 | 0.23 | 78.02 (14.34) | 78.75 (13.27) | >0.2 | 0.14 | 3.21 (10.27) | 0.72 (10.70) | 0.012 | 0.16 |
| PSC | 52.06 (6.19) | 53.22 (5.46) | 0.009 | 0.15 | 54.11 (5.24) | 54.42 (4.18) | >0.2 | 0.09 | 1.20 (5.24) | 0.33 (4.64) | 0.103 | 0.10 |
| MSC | 51.84 (6.84) | 53.22 (6.62) | <0.001 | 0.20 | 52.00 (7.37) | 51.75 (7.32) | >0.2 | 0.15 | 1.37 (5.86) | −0.13 (5.59) | 0.008 | 0.17 |
a Wilcoxon test. b Effect size r after Rosenthal: 0.1 “small effect”, 0.3 “moderate effect”, 0.5 “strong effect”. c Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U test.