Table 1.
Physical fitness, physical activity levels, and sedentary behaviour according to weight status in pupils aged 6–13.
| Variables | Boys | Girls | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal Weight n = 90 (44.1%) |
Overweight n = 60 (29.4%) |
Obesity n = 54 (26.5%) |
p | d | Normal Weight n = 86 (51.8%) |
Overweight n = 44 (26.5%) |
Obesity n = 36 (21.7%) |
p | d | |
| Age (years) | 8.8 ± 1.7 | 8.9 ± 1.8 | 8.7 ± 1.8 | 0.788 | 0.18 | 8.5 ± 1.8 | 8.6 ± 1.9 | 8.4 ± 1.7 | 0.909 | 0.21 |
| Weight (kg) | 30.6 ± 6.5 | 36.5 ± 7.7 a | 46.1 ± 12.3 a,b | <0.001 ** | 1.44 | 28.8 ± 7.0 | 37.1 ± 9.7 a | 46.5 ± 10.6 a,b | <0.001 ** | 1.55 |
| Height (m) | 1.36 ± 0.12 | 1.37 ± 0.10 | 1.38 ± 0.11 | 0.110 | 0.23 | 1.32 ± 0.12 | 1.36 ± 0.14 | 1.36 ± 0.10 | 0.081 | 0.28 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 16.34 ± 1.12 | 19.23 ± 1.47 a | 23.47 ± 3.34 a,b | <0.001 ** | 3.58 | 16.30 ± 1.36 | 19.67 ± 1.55 a | 24.73 ± 3.62 a,b | <0.001 ** | 3.47 |
| BMI (z-score) | 0.10 ± 0.57 | 1.50 ± 0.28 a | 2.81 ± 0.62 a,b | <0.001 ** | 4.38 | 0.88 ± 0.62 | 1.49 ± 0.29 a | 2.77 ± 0.64 a,b | <0.001 ** | 3.94 |
| WC (cm) | 58.7 ± 4.1 | 62.6 ± 5.1 a | 70.9 ± 8.6 a,b | <0.001 ** | 1.65 | 56.01 ± 6.33 | 61.72 ± 4.87 a | 71.26 ± 7.39 a,b | <0.001 ** | 1.92 |
| WHtR (WC (cm)/Height (cm)) | 0.43 ± 0.02 | 0.46 ± 0.02 a | 0.51 ± 0.04 a,b | <0.001 ** | 2.20 | 0.43 ± 0.04 | 0.46 ± 0.03 a | 0.52 ± 0.05 a,b | <0.001 ** | 2.10 |
| BF (kg) | 6.2 ± 2.6 | 10.0 ± 4.1 a | 17.2 ± 8.0 a,b | <0.001 ** | 1.89 | 6.7 ± 2.5 | 10.8 ± 4.1 a | 18.1 ± 5.8 a,b | <0.001 ** | 2.06 |
| BF (%) | 19.6 ± 5.5 | 26.7 ± 6.8 a | 35.7 ± 7.7 a,b | <0.001 ** | 2.18 | 22.8 ± 4.3 | 28.6 ± 5.4 a | 38.1 ± 5.2 a,b | <0.001 ** | 2.62 |
| FFM (kg) | 24.4 ± 4.7 | 26.4 ± 4.7 | 28.9 ± 5.3 a,b | <0.001 ** | 0.98 | 22.1 ± 4.8 | 26.3 ± 6.4 | 28.5 ± 5.3 a,b | <0.001 ** | 0.99 |
| FFM (%) | 80.4 ± 5.5 | 73.3 ± 6.8 a | 64.3 ± 7.7 a,b | <0.001 ** | 2.18 | 77.2 ± 4.3 | 71.4 ± 5.4 a | 61.9 ± 5.2 a,b | <0.001 ** | 2.62 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 12.98 ± 3.58 | 13.95 ± 4.18 | 14.25 ± 4.16 | 0.124 | 0.28 | 11.25 ± 3.40 | 13.01 ± 4.18 | 13.60 ± 3.64 a | 0.002 * | 0.55 |
| Handgrip strength/BW | 0.42 ± 0.07 | 0.38 ± 0.08 a | 0.31 ± 0.07 a,b | <0.001 ** | 0.63 | 0.39 ± 0.07 | 0.35 ± 0.06 a | 0.29 ± 0.05 a,b | <0.001 ** | 1.19 |
| Standing broad jump (cm) | 124.5 ± 26.6 | 118.9 ± 23.3 | 104.9 ± 21.7 a,b | <0.001 ** | 1.19 | 112.5 ± 23.4 | 107.2 ± 21.9 | 98.3 ± 19.6 a | <0.001 ** | 0.50 |
| 4 × 10 m Shuttle Run Test (s) | 13.15 ± 1.38 | 13.51 ± 1.42 | 14.19 ± 1.65 a | <0.001 ** | 0.55 | 13.95 ± 1.21 | 13.97 ± 1.33 | 14.48 ± 1.37 | 0.151 | 0.21 |
| 20 m Shuttle Run Test (laps) | 25.7 ± 15.0 | 22.7 ± 13.3 | 11.9 ± 7.0 a,b | <0.001 ** | 0.93 | 19.3 ± 10.5 | 16.2 ± 8.3 | 10.7 ± 3.4 a,b | <0.001 ** | 0.81 |
| CRF (mL/kg/min) | 46.47 ± 4.31 | 45.52 ± 4.42 | 43.25 ± 3.76 a,b | <0.001 ** | 0.61 | 45.50 ± 3.38 | 44.29 ± 4.23 | 42.91 ± 3.24 a | 0.004 * | 0.49 |
| Daily screen time (hours) | 3.3 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 0.658 | 0.15 | 3.3 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 0.584 | 0.15 |
| Weekly sport activities (hours) | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 2.4 ± 1.7 a | 0.030 * | 0.32 | 2.8 ± 1.5 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 1.8 ± 1.3 a | 0.005 * | 0.48 |
| Krece Plus Short Test (score) | 6.5 ± 1.9 | 6.1 ± 2.1 | 5.8 ± 2.0 | 0.107 | 0.22 | 6.1 ± 1.8 | 6.1 ± 1.8 | 5.2 ± 1.6 a | 0.017 * | 0.40 |
Note: Data expressed as Mean ± SD. BF—Body fat; BMI: Body mass index; BW—Body weight; CRF—Cardiorespiratory fitness; FFM—Free-fat mass; WC—Waist circumference; WHtR—Waist-to-height ratio. a—Statistically significant differences from normal weight (p ≤ 0.050). b—Statistically significant differences from overweight (p ≤ 0.050). d—Effect size (Cohen’s d). *—p ≤ 0.050; **—p ≤ 0.001.