Table 4.

Cardiometabolic profile at 23y in male and female SLS participants with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), according to abdominal ultrasound (NAFLD (+) or Hamaguchi score ≥ 4) (n = 555).

Variable	Males (n = 283)			Females (n = 272)
	NAFLD (+)	NAFLD (−)	Effect Size †	NAFLD (+)	NAFLD (−)	Effect Size †
	(n = 57)	(n = 226)		(n = 75)	(n = 197)
Waist circumference (cm)	94.1 ***	82.3	1.19	85.3 ***	77.4	0.86
	(11.6)	(8.8)		(9.9)	(8.9)
Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)	120.3 ***	113.5	0.70	110.8 *	107.8	0.32
	(9.9)	(9.7)		(9.5)	(9.3)
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)	75.1 ***	70.5	0.74	69.1 *	65.8	0.55
	(6.3)	(6.1)		(6.0)	(5.7)
Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)	90.7 *	88.5	0.35	89.6 **	86.8	0.42
	(6.4)	(6.2)		(6.9)	(6.7)
Fasting Insulin (uUI/dL)	14.8 ***	9.7	0.35 ‡	15.2 ***	11.7	0.33 ‡
	[12.9]	[6.5]		[12.8]	[7.8]
HOMA-IR (arbitrary units)	3.4 ***	2.1	0.34 ‡	3.6 ***	2.5	0.31 ‡
	[3.2]	[1.5]		[3.4]	[1.7]
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	38.7	41.3	d.n.a	44.5	47.8	d.n.a
	(11.9)	(12.3)		(12.9)	(12.1)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	92.1 *	82.1	0.28 ‡	108.4 *	86.1	0.26 ‡
	[59.8]	[53.3]		[74.4]	[51.6]
high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L) (n = 480)	2.75 *	1.99	0.35	2.85	2.33	d.n.a
	(1.7)	(1.4)		(2.4)	(1.8)
Adiponectin (µg/mL)	4.93 *	6.03	0.32	6.50 *	8.10	0.66
	(2.1)	(2.5)		(2.7)	(2.3)

Values are Mean (standard deviations) and Median [interquartile range]. Student’s t test for comparison of mean values and Wilcoxson rank-sum test for comparison of median values. *** p value < 0.001, ** p value < 0.01, * p value < 0.05. † Cohen’s d statistic, except as indicated. ‡ Cliff’s δ statistic for non-normal distributions. Values of d of 0.20, 0.50 and 0.80 denote small, medium and large differences. Values of δ are considered small around 0.15, medium around 0.33, and large around 0.47. Participants with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein values >9.0 were excluded from the analysis n = 75).