Table 1.
Results summary from the reflective measurement model of psychological distress.
| Latent Variable | Indicators | Loadings | t Value | p Value | 95% Confidence Interval | Indicator Reliability |
Items | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||||||
| Psychological Distress | PS1 | 0.373 | 11.631 | 0.000 | 0.309 | 0.434 | 0.139 | Have you been able to concentrate well? |
| PS2 | 0.690 | 35.421 | 0.000 | 0.649 | 0.726 | 0.476 | Have your concerns made you lose much sleep? | |
| PS3 | 0.619 | 26.545 | 0.000 | 0.569 | 0.662 | 0.383 | Have you felt you are leading a useless life? | |
| PS4 | 0.628 | 27.596 | 0.000 | 0.581 | 0.670 | 0.394 | Have you felt unable to make decisions? | |
| PS5 | 0.578 | 26.044 | 0.000 | 0.532 | 0.619 | 0.334 | Have you felt constantly stressed and under tension? | |
| PS6 | 0.586 | 24.595 | 0.000 | 0.536 | 0.630 | 0.343 | Have you had the feeling of not being able to overcome difficulties? | |
| PS7 | 0.463 | 16.082 | 0.000 | 0.406 | 0.517 | 0.214 | Have you been able to enjoy everyday activities? | |
| PS8 | 0.647 | 33.321 | 0.000 | 0.606 | 0.682 | 0.418 | Have you been able to face your problems appropriately? | |
| PS9 | 0.689 | 40.245 | 0.000 | 0.653 | 0.721 | 0.475 | Have you felt unhappy or depressed? | |
| PS10 | 0.584 | 25.032 | 0.000 | 0.536 | 0.628 | 0.341 | Have you lost confidence in yourself? | |
| PS11 | 0.571 | 23.887 | 0.000 | 0.521 | 0.615 | 0.326 | Have you felt like a useless person? | |
| PS12 | 0.743 | 49.599 | 0.000 | 0.711 | 0.770 | 0.552 | Do you feel reasonably happy considering all circumstances? | |
| AVE = 0.370 | 34.953 | 0.000 | 0.349 | 0.391 | ||||
| Composite Reliability = 0.873 | 164.924 | 0.000 | 0.862 | 0.883 | ||||
| Rho A = 0.858 | 128.750 | 0.000 | 0.845 | 0.871 | ||||
| Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.844 | 121.381 | 0.000 | 0.830 | 0.857 | ||||
AVE, average variance extracted; Rho A, index of composite validity.