Table 3.
Path model coefficients for the total group of immigrants, based on geographic origin and gender.
| Effects | Path Coefficients | t Value | p Value | 95% Confidence Intervals |
Significance (p < 0.05)? ** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||||
| Total | ||||||
| Direct effect | ||||||
| Perceived Discrimination → Psychological Distresss | 0.363 | 13.701 | 0.000 | 0.320 | 0.423 * | Yes |
| Perceived Discrimination → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.134 | 4.272 | 0.000 | 0.074 | 0.198 * | Yes |
| Psychological Distresss → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.118 | 4.353 | 0.000 | 0.063 | 0.171 * | Yes |
| Age → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.275 | 10.607 | 0.000 | 0.223 | 0.324 * | Yes |
| Length of Residence → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.020 | 0.611 | 0.541 | −0.044 | 0.084 | No |
| Indirect effect | ||||||
| Perceived Discrimination → Psychological Distresss → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.043 | 4.027 | 0.000 | 0.023 | 0.065 * | Yes |
| Africa | ||||||
| Direct effect | ||||||
| Perceived Discrimination → Psychological Distresss | 0.385 | 9.616 | 0.000 | 0.334 | 0.491 * | Yes |
| Perceived Discrimination → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.127 | 2.221 | 0.026 | 0.024 | 0.248 * | Yes |
| Psychological Distresss → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.107 | 2.141 | 0.032 | 0.004 | 0.200 * | Yes |
| Age → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.293 | 6.328 | 0.000 | 0.197 | 0.380 * | Yes |
| Length of Residence → Cardiovascular Risk | −0.030 | 0.505 | 0.614 | −0.141 | 0.086 | No |
| Indirect effect | ||||||
| Perceived Discrimination → Psychological Distresss → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.041 | 1.973 | 0.048 | 0.002 | 0.085 * | Yes |
| Latin America | ||||||
| Direct effect | ||||||
| Perceived Discrimination → Psychological Distresss | 0.377 | 8.707 | 0.000 | 0.310 | 0.479 * | Yes |
| Perceived Discrimination → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.213 | 3.453 | 0.001 | 0.093 | 0.333 * | Yes |
| Psychological Distresss → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.116 | 2.569 | 0.010 | 0.025 | 0.198 * | Yes |
| Age → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.290 | 6.808 | 0.000 | 0.206 | 0.370 * | Yes |
| Length of Residence → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.148 | 2.869 | 0.004 | 0.041 | 0.245 * | Yes |
| Indirect effect | ||||||
| Perceived Discrimination → Psychological Distresss → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.044 | 2.283 | 0.022 | 0.010 | 0.085 * | Yes |
| Europe | ||||||
| Direct effect | ||||||
| Perceived Discrimination → Psychological Distresss | 0.395 | 7.274 | 0.000 | 0.301 | 0.516 * | Yes |
| Perceived Discrimination → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.112 | 1.269 | 0.204 | −0.054 | 0.286 | No |
| Psychological Distresss → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.109 | 2.022 | 0.043 | 0.000 | 0.210 | No |
| Age → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.254 | 4.997 | 0.000 | 0.149 | 0.348 * | Yes |
| Length of Residence → Cardiovascular Risk | −0.052 | 1.072 | 0.284 | −0.145 | 0.048 | No |
| Indirect effect | ||||||
| Perceived Discrimination → Psychological Distresss → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.043 | 1.894 | 0.058 | 0.000 | 0.090 | No |
| Women | ||||||
| Direct effect | ||||||
| Perceived Discrimination → Psychological Distresss | 0.341 | 8.346 | 0.000 | 0.272 | 0.432 * | Yes |
| Perceived Discrimination → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.186 | 3.413 | 0.001 | 0.085 | 0.303 * | Yes |
| Psychological Distresss → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.116 | 3.300 | 0.001 | 0.044 | 0.184 * | Yes |
| Age → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.258 | 7.052 | 0.000 | 0.185 | 0.328 * | Yes |
| Length of Residence → Cardiovascular Risk | −0.029 | 0.621 | 0.535 | −0.117 | 0.067 | No |
| Indirect effect | ||||||
| Perceived Discrimination → Psychological Distresss → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.040 | 2.952 | 0.003 | 0.015 | 0.068 * | Yes |
| Men | ||||||
| Direct effect | ||||||
| Perceived Discrimination → Psychological Distresss | 0.404 | 11.498 | 0.000 | 0.354 | 0.491 * | Yes |
| Perceived Discrimination → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.067 | 1.439 | 0.150 | −0.023 | 0.163 | No |
| Psychological Distresss → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.143 | 3.218 | 0.001 | 0.052 | 0.226 * | Yes |
| Age → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.293 | 8.051 | 0.000 | 0.220 | 0.363 * | Yes |
| Length of Residence → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.066 | 1.420 | 0.156 | −0.023 | 0.159 | No |
| Indirect effect | ||||||
| Perceived Discrimination → Psychological Distresss → Cardiovascular Risk | 0.058 | 2.969 | 0.003 | 0.022 | 0.098 * | Yes |
* 95% CI, confidence interval, does not include 0; ** We refer to the bootstrap confidence intervals for significance testing.