Figure 3.

Phenotypic characteristics of HFD-overfed male founders (F0p) and outcomes of their male and female offspring (F1p) at weaning and adult age. (A) Paternal (F0p) pre-mating weight (WT), HFD-related weight gain (WG), blood glucose (BG), plasma insulin (IRI), HOMA, area under the curve of glucose (AUC) and plasma leptin (LEP) levels after six weeks of high-fat feeding, as compared to control founders (F0c). (B) F1 male and (C) female body weight (WT), BG, IRI, HOMA, LEP, percentage of body fat (BF) and mean food intake (MFI) in HFD offspring (F1p) at weaning (day 21 of life) and at adult age, as compared to respective offspring of control rats (F1c). Data are means ± SEM, shown as percentages of control-levels. p values were calculated using Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test (paternal leptin) when appropriate. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.