Table 2.

Summary of studies in urban trees and human health scoping review, sorted by health outcomes domains and study design. (narrative provides details of thematic analysis; citations and references are in Supplementary Material, Table S1).

Domain/Subdomain	Study Count	Experiment	Natural/Quasi-Experiment	Longitudinal/Cohort	Cross Sectional	Modelling	Time Series
4.1. Reducing Harm	82
4.1.1 Air Pollutants and Respiratory Condition	14				●●◐◐◐ ○	●●●●● ●●●
4.1.2 Tree Pollen and VOCs	40	◐	◐	○○○	◐◐◐◐◐ ◐◐◐◐◐ ◐◐◐◐ ○○○○	○○○	◐◐◐◐ ○○○○○ ○○○○○
4.1.3 Ultraviolet Radiation	5		●●			●◐◐
4.1.4 Excess Heat and Thermal Comfort	17		●●●●●	●●		●●●●● ●●●●◐
4.1.5 Crime	6		●● ◐		●●◐
4.2. Restoring Capacities	63
4.2.1 Cognition and Attention Restoration	13	●●●●● ●◐◐	●●●◐		●
4.2.2 Mental Health, Anxiety and Mood	15	●●●●● ●●●● ◐◐	●		●◐◐
4.2.3 Psychophysiological Stress	25	●●●●● ●●●●● ●●●● ◐◐◐◐	●●	◐	●●●●
4.2.4 Clinical Outcomes	10	●●● ◐	◐	●●	●●●
4.3. Building Capacities	56
4.3.1 Birth Outcomes	4			◐◐◐	●
4.3.2 Immune System	6	●●●●● ●
4.3.3 Active Living	19		●●		●●●●● ●●●●● ◐◐◐◐◐ ○○
4.3.4 Weight Status	8				●●●●● ●●●
4.3.5 Cardiovascular Function	16	●●●●● ●●◐◐	●●●◐		●◐◐
4.3.6 Social Cohesion	3		●		●●
Total Studies	201	57	26	12	69	24	13

Legend: Each circle represents one study - ● = positive outcome, ◐ = mixed and/or insignificant outcome, ○ = negative outcome.