Table 1.

The features of several methods for the synthesis of plant part-derived CDs.

Methods	Advantages	Disadvantages
Hydrothermal/Solvothermal	Low cost, eco-friendly, non-toxic, simple	Poor control of size, long synthesis duration
Microwave/Microwave-Hydrothermal	Facile, rapid, scalable, low cost, eco-friendly, treamlined process	Poor control of size
Pyrolysis	Simple, short synthesis duration, ecofriendly	Difficult to scale up, broad size distribution
Chemical Oxidation	Cheap, large-scale production, effective	Tedious steps, toxic acid/base reagents, expensive oxidants, complicated post-treatment