Table 4.

The applications of plant part-derived CDs for the sensing of various biomolecules. Abbreviations: LOD, limit of detection; F+R, fruit+root; cfu, colony-forming unit.

Sources	Parts	Target Analytes	LOD (µM)	Ref.
Pineapple Peel	Fruit	Cys	0.87	[64]
Watermelon juice	Fruit	Cys	0.27	[65]
Waste tea + EDA	Leaf	Cys & AA	8.785/153.5 & 87.02/19.78	[70]
Groundnut	Seed	GSH	-	[54]
Mahogany fruit shell	Fruit	D-PA	49.59/39.27	[90]
Azadirachta indica	Leaf	AA	1.773	[69]
Mustard	Seed	AA	3.26	[55]
Mint	Leaf	AA	0.079	[71]
Coconut water	Fruit	Thiamine	0.28	[81]
Lemon/Onion/NH3	F + R	Riboflavin	0.003	[78]
White pepper	Seed	CoA	0.00875	[74]
Water Chestnut/Onion	Root	CoA	0.01	[56]
Mushroom	Stem	HA/HAase	0.3 × 10−5/0.1 U mL−1	[50]
Papaya flesh	Fruit	E. coli	9.5 × 104 cfu mL−1	[58]
Lemon/grape/turmeric+EDA	Fruit	E. coli	-	[60]
Scallion	Leaf	Hemin	0.1	[68]
Shiitake mushroom	Stem	Hemin	0.12	[51]
Sargassum fluitans	Stem	DNA	15.15	[49]
Bauhinia flower	Flower	ATP	0.005	[77]
Tomato juice	Fruit	CEA & aptamer	0.3 ng mL−1/0.00188	[57]