Table 1.

Comparison of measurement models.

Model	Description	χ2	df	Δχ2	RMSEA	SRMR	CFI	TLI
The baseline five-factor model	ST, SS, AN, DE, SH.	1443.052	395		0.059	0.070	0.911	0.902
The four-factor model a	ST and SH were combined into one factor.	2932.681	400	1489.629 **	0.090	0.329	0.785	0.766
The four-factor model	ST and SS were combined into one factor.	5469.909	400	4026.857 **	0.128	0.133	0.569	0.532
The four-factor model	AN and DE were combined into one factor.	2599.756	400	1156.704 **	0.084	0.127	0.813	0.797
The four-factor model	AN and SH were combined into one factor.	2327.843	400	884.791 **	0.079	0.129	0.836	0.822
The four-factor model	DE and SH were combined into one factor.	1886.997	400	443.945 **	0.069	0.086	0.874	0.863
The three-factor model	AN, DE, and SH were combined into one factor.	3163.953	404	1720.901 **	0.094	0.125	0.766	0.748

Note: ST = internalized stigmatization; SS = social support; AN = anxiety; DE = depression; SH = shame. RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; SRMR = standardized residual mean root; CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = non-normed fit index (NNFI). ** p < 0.01. ^a Consistent with the practice used in previous studies, the comparison of measurement models is conducted based on the fact that the time-lag design ensured the acceptable discriminate validity of variables measured at different time points. Thus, the comparison of measurement models focuses on the test of discriminate validity of variables measured at the same time point (at Time 1 or Time 2 for this study). Even so, the test of discriminate validity of internalized stigmatization and shame, suggested by the reviewer, had to be conducted. Thus, an alternative four-factor model that combined internalized stigmatization and shame into one factor was used to compare with the baseline five-factor model.