Table 1.
The frequency and score of interactions between dogs and their owners. The interactions are categorized as highly intense, intense, and less intense interactions. Scores assigned to each category: 1 for less intense interactions, 2 for intense interactions, and 3 for highly intense interactions. Hygiene measures were assigned a negative score of −1. The table is based on the observations of the 701 completed questionnaires that were considered in the model.
| Score | Never | Sometimes | Often | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highly Intense Interaction | ||||
| The dog sneezes in its owner’s face | 3 | 83.9 | 15.3 | 0.9 |
| The dog sneezes in its owner’s hand | 3 | 78.2 | 21.2 | 0.9 |
| The owner brushes their dog’s teeth | 3 | 69.0 | 25.1 | 5.9 |
| The dog bites the owner’s hand (playfully or out of aggression) | 3 | 52.2 | 37.2 | 10.6 |
| The dog licks the owner’s face | 3 | 50.2 | 36.7 | 13.1 |
| The dog licks the owner’s hand | 3 | 14.1 | 47.8 | 38.1 |
| The dog eats out of its owner’s hand (including giving treats) | 3 | 9.3 | 45.9 | 44.8 |
| Intense Interaction | ||||
| The dog eats from its owner’s plate | 2 | 85.6 | 10.7 | 3.7 |
| The dog sleeps in its owner’s bed | 2 | 69.0 | 18.0 | 13.0 |
| The owner carries the dog | 2 | 55.5 | 31.2 | 13.3 |
| The owner cleans their dog’s ears | 2 | 41.2 | 42.0 | 16.8 |
| The dog lies on the owner’s lap | 2 | 35.8 | 34.0 | 30.2 |
| The owner plays tug-of-war with the dog | 2 | 32.2 | 37.1 | 30.7 |
| The dog jumps up at its owner | 2 | 28.1 | 42.4 | 29.5 |
| The owner cleans their dog’s eyes | 2 | 26.6 | 44.3 | 29.0 |
| The dog nudges with the nose against its owner’s hand | 2 | 23.3 | 47.6 | 29.1 |
| The owner plays fetch with the dog | 2 | 19.4 | 42.9 | 37.7 |
| The owner grooms their dog | 2 | 12.1 | 50.9 | 37.0 |
| The owner hugs the dog | 2 | 4.4 | 20.3 | 75.3 |
| The owner pets the dog | 2 | 0.4 | 5.7 | 93.9 |
| Less Intense Interaction | ||||
| The dog defecates inside the house | 1 | 87.1 | 12.4 | 0.4 |
| The dog urinates inside the house | 1 | 76.4 | 21.7 | 1.9 |
| The owner washes their dog in their own bathroom | 1 | 52.8 | 30.6 | 16.6 |
| The dog sits on the couch | 1 | 40.4 | 20.1 | 39.5 |
| The dog sniffs their owner’s hand | 1 | 4.0 | 44.4 | 51.6 |
| Hygiene Measures | ||||
| The owner washes their hands after cleaning their dog’s urine or feces | −1 | 4.0 | 11.4 | 84.6 |
| The owner washes their hands after petting the dog | −1 | 23.3 | 47.3 | 29.5 |