Table 1.
Sample and Functioning Measure Characteristics of RCTs Included in the Meta-Analysis
| Study (First Author, Year) | Country of Study | Total N | Age, Mean (SD) | Sex, % Male | Recruited Sample (% SZ Diagnosis, if Reported) | Functioning Outcome Measure(s) | Longest Length of Follow-up Post Intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christensen, 2014 | Denmark | 117 | 24.95 (3.5) | 54 | FEP (84) | UPSA-B total | 8 months |
| Granholm, 2007 | USA (CA) | 70 | 53.60 (NR) | 79 | SZ/SZA | UPSA total, ILSS total composite | 12 months |
| Grant, 2012 | USA (PA) | 60 | 38.4 (11.6) | 67 | SZ/SZA (80) | GAS | - |
| Hansen, 2012 | Denmark | 62 | 33.0 (10.87) | 65 | FEP (100) | CANAS, GAF, HoNOS | 3 months |
| Kern, 2002 | USA (CA) | 65 | 41.02 (10.7) | 74 | SZ/SZA | Index card filing and toilet tank: accuracy, productivity, speed | 3 months |
| Kern, 2005 | USA (CA) | 60 | 43.57 (10.76) | 72 | SZ/SZA | AIPSS processing, receiving, sending | 3 months |
| Kern, 2009 | USA (CA) | 40 | 47.55 (10.81) | 30 | SZ/SZA | WBI | 10 weeks |
| Kern, 2018 | USA (CA) | 58 | 41.69 (NR) | 85 | SZ/SZA | Competitive employment duration, WBI | — |
| Kidd, 2018 | Canada | 17 | 31.81 (9.84) | 65 | SZ/SZA | BARS, MCAS (caregiver, patient) | — |
| McGurk, 2005a | USA (NY) | 44 | 37.6 (9.9) | 55 | SMI (73) | Competitive employment: hours, jobs, weeks | 12 months |
| McGurk, 2007a | USA (NY) | 44 | 37.6 (9.9) | 55 | SMI (73) | Competitive employment: hours, jobs, week | 36 months |
| McGurk, 2009 | USA (NY) | 34 | 44.06 (9.22) | 59 | SMI (62) | Competitive employment/ Internship: hours, weeks, | 36 months |
| McGurk, 2015 | USA (IL & NH) | 107 | 44.07 (11.04) | 65 | SMI (23) | Competitive employment: hours, jobs, weeks, duration of first job | 24 months |
| McGurk, 2016 | USA (NY) | 54 | 37.69 (9.46) | 70 | SMI; 83% SZ/SZA | Competitive employment: hours, jobs, weeks, duration of first job | 36 months |
| Mendella, 2015 | Canada | 27 | 24.9 (3.4) | 74 | FEP | UPSA-B total | — |
| Mueller, 2015 | Switzerland, Germany, & Austria | 156 | 34.22 (8.61) | 69 | SZ/SZA | GAF | 6 months |
| Twamley, 2012 | USA (CA) | 69 | 46.32 (9.76) | 65 | Primary psychotic disorder (54) | UPSA, SSPA | 3 months |
| Twamley, 2019 | USA (CA) | 153 | 43.7 (11.69) | 57 | SMI; 38% SZ/SZA | UPSA-B, SSPA, ILSS | — |
| Vauth, 2005 | Germany | 138 | 28.8 (7.1) | 65 | SZ | Successful job placement | — |
| Velligan, 2000 | USA (TX) | 45 | 37.12 (8.99) | 76 | SZ/SZA (84) | GAF, MCAS | — |
| Velligan, 2002 | USA (TX) | 45 | 39.64 (7.82) | 64 | SZ/SZA (69) | GAF, MCAS, SOFAS | — |
| Velligan, 2008a | USA (TX) | 120 | 41 (9.1) | 50 | SZ/SZA | Pill count (compliance), SOFAS | — |
| Velligan, 2008b | USA (TX) | 105 | 39 (10.7) | 57 | SZ/SZA | MCAS, SOFAS | 6 months |
| Velligan, 2013 | USA (TX) | 142 | 42.52 (10.27) | 53 | SZ/SZA | MM-based adherence, SOFAS | — |
| Velligan, 2015 | USA (TX) | 142 | 40.6 (11.8) | 52 | SZ/SZA | MCAS | 15 months |
| Vizzotto, 2016 | Brazil | 29 | 38.62 (NR) | 83 | SZ | DAFS-R Total, ILSS | — |
Note: AIPSS, Assessment of Interpersonal Problem-Solving Skills; BARS, Brief Adherence Rating Scale; CANAS, Camberwell Assessment of Need; DASF-R, Direct Assessment of Functional Status-Revised; GAF, Global Assessment of Function; GAS, Global Assessment Scale; HoNOS, Health of the Nation Outcome Scale; ILSS, Independent Living Skill Survey; MCAS, Multnomah Community Ability Scale; MM, Med-eMonitor; NR, Not Reported; SMI, Severe mental illness; SOFAS, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale; SSPA, Social Skills Performance Assessment; SZ, Schizophrenia; SZA, Schizoaffective disorder; UPSA, UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment; UPSA-B, UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment-Brief; WBI, Work Behaviour Index.
aMcGurk, 2007 is a follow-up of McGurk, 2005.