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. 2020 Jun 11;9(6):318. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9060318

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The efficacy of oral uptake of E. brevicornum extract and/or tramadol on semen parameters. Tramadol-administered rats resulted in a remarkable decrease in sperm motility (A) and count (B) and an improvement in sperm abnormalities (C) relative to the control group (* p ≤ 0.05). The effect of oral administration of E. brevicornum extract exerted a remarkable enhancement in sperm count and sperm motility, while the sperm abnormality associated with tramadol-treated rats was decreased (* p ≤ 0.05). Results are assessed using one-way ANOVA accompanied by Bonferroni’s test.