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The effect of oral uptake of E. brevicornum extract and/or tramadol on hormonal assay. Results are presented as mean ± SEM and evaluated using one-way ANOVA accompanied by Bonferroni’s test for multiple comparisons. * indicates significant different at p < 0.05 from the tramadol-treated group. (A) Effect on testosterone level, (B) effect on FSH level, (C) effect on LH level, (D) effect on E2 level.
