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. 2020 Jun 11;9(6):318. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9060318

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effect of oral E. brevicornum extract and/or tramadol administration on the expression of apoptotic factor Bax and Bcl2 gene in testes of male rats. Tramadol-administered rats showed a substantial increase in apoptotic index (Bax) levels (by five-fold) relative to the control group (* p ≤ 0.05). The effect of oral administration of E. brevicornum extract exhibited a marked decrease in gene expression when compared to tramadol-treated rats (* p ≤ 0.05). Tramadol at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day caused a significant reduction in expression of Bcl2 (by 75%) when related to the control animals, followed by a substantial increase in E. brevicornum extract-treated groups. Results are presented as mean ± SEM and evaluated using one-way ANOVA accompanied by Bonferroni’s test.