Table 1.

The inclusion and exclusion criteria according to PICOS.

PICO Element	Inclusion	Exclusion
Population	All human subjects	Animal studies
Intervention	Urinary microbiome evaluated using 16S rRNA PCR amplification of the bacterial DNA technique	Any other technique used for urinary microbiota
Comparisons	No comparisons of methodology
Outcomes	Detailed presentation of the technique’s steps	Detailed technique of 16S rRNA PCR amplification of the bacterial DNA not presented in the article’s full text
Types of the study	Controlled and non-controlled Original data only	Anything other than original articles (reviews, comments, editorial reviews, case reports) Articles published before 2000
Times and settings	Any time Any setting