Figure 2.

Response mechanisms for the SC-ISEs. (A) Redox capacitance-based SC-ISEs with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as an example for redox SC transducer. (B) Electric-double-layer (EDL) capacitance-based SC-ISEs with carbon as an example for EDL SC transducer. Both SC-ISEs contain three interfaces, GC/SC, SC/ISM and ISM/aq. GC: glass carbon electrode substrate; SC: solid contact; aq: aqueous solution; ET: electron transfer; IT: ion transfer. The corresponding phase interfacial potentials are presented on the right (detailed illustration shown in the main text and Appendix A).