Carbon-based wearable SC-ISEs for skin sweat ion sensing. (A) SWCNT-based flexible SC-ISEs by using cotton yard as flexible substrate. Reprinted with permission from [78], Copyright (2013) Royal Society of Chemistry. A series of preparation including SWCNT ink and ISM dipping as shown in (a–d). (B) Multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) textile-based SC-ISEs for Na+ and K+ sensing. Reprinted with permission from [80], Copyright (2016) John Wiley and Sons publications. (C) Carbon textile-based sensor array for multiparameter analysis. Reprinted with permission from Science Advances [81], Copyright (2019) American Association for the Advancement of Science. (D) High-quality graphene-based wearable SC-ISEs for multichannel ion sensing including K+, Na+, Cl− and pH [82]. (E) The suggested protocol for on-body measurement. It should be noted that the importance of calibration of SC-ISEs to assure the accuracy of real-time analysis. Reprinted with permission from [83], Copyright (2019) American Chemical Society.