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. 2020 Jun 23;10(6):128. doi: 10.3390/membranes10060128

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Au nanomaterials-based wearable SC-ISEs for skin sweat ion sensing. (A–C) AuND array-based SC-ISEs for sweat Na⁺ sensing. (A) The preparation procedure for AuND-based SC-ISEs by photolithography technique. (B) A schematic for the SC-ISEs on-body measurement. (C) Real-time analysis of sweat Na⁺ during cycling and rest states. Reprinted with permission from [84], Copyright (2017) American Chemical Society. (D,E) Gold-based vertically aligned nanowires (V-AuNWs)-based stretchable SC-ISEs for Na⁺, K⁺ and pH sensing. (D) The preparation of V-AuNWs on PDMS film and corresponding optical images for observing the stretching. Scale bar: 200 μm. Reprinted with permission from [85], Copyright (2019) John Wiley and Sons publications. (E) The Na⁺, K⁺ and pH sensing from 0% to 30% stretching. Reprinted with permission from [86], Copyright (2020) American Chemical Society.