Table 2. Characterization of the study population.
| Parameters | Normal range | O-IN (±SD) | P-IN (±SD) | pvalue | |
| a) | Subjects (N, gender) | - | 14 F | 24 F | - |
| Mean Age (years) | - | 61 (± 5) | 61 (± 5) | - | |
| BMI | - | 26 (± 6) | 23 (± 3) | 0.03* | |
| Waist/hip ratio | - | 0.8 (± 0.1) | 0.8 (± 0.1) | 1 | |
| Age at onset of insomnia (years) | - | 37 (±16) | 36 (±20) | 0.86 | |
| b) | SE (%) | > 85% | 80 (± 6) | 91 (± 3) | < 0.001* |
| WASO (minutes) | - | 96 (± 26) | 43 (± 13) | < 0.001* | |
| AN (number) | - | 16 (± 5) | 11 (± 4) | 0.003* | |
| PSQI (score) | ≤ 5 | 13 (± 4) | 13 (± 4) | 0.5 | |
| c) | Total cholesterol (mg/100mL) | 130 - 200 | 212 (± 42) | 218 (± 32) | 1 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/100mL) | > 43 | 71 (± 12) | 67 (± 13) | 0.3 | |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/100mL) | 0-130 | 140 (± 32) | 145 (± 30) | 0.6 | |
| Triglycerides (mg/100mL) | 35-180 | 89 (± 44) | 96 (± 48) | 0.6 | |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 20-44 | 33 (± 3) | 33 (± 3) | 1 | |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 0-6 | 3 (± 3) | 3 (± 2) | 1 | |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 0.4-8.8 | 3 (± 2) | 2 (± 1) | 0.2 | |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | < 0.78 | 1 (± 1) | 1 (± 1) | 0.5 | |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 0.7-1.6 | 1 (± 0.4) | 1 (± 0.3) | 0.3 | |
| d) | 24-h UC (μg/24h) | 20.9-292.3 | 224 (± 72) | 204 (± 59) | 0.38 |
| PSS (score) | 0-6 | 28 (± 5) | 30 (± 8) | 0.4 | |
| ALI (score) | < 3 | 2.5 (± 1) | 2 (± 1) | 0.2 |
a) Sample descriptive analysis, including anthropometric measurements and age at onset of insomnia. b) Sleep evaluation by actigraphic monitoring and PSQI questionnaire. c) Analysis of hematochemical parameters (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c), as well as pro- (hs-CRP, IL-6, TNFα) and anti-inflammatory molecules (IL-10). d) Stress assessment by quantification of 24-h UC (24-hours urinary cortisol), administration of PSS (Perceived Stress Scale test) and measurement of ALI (Allostatic Load Index). Values are expressed as mean ± SD, including relative normal range expressed when available as 10th and 90th percentiles. Statistical analysis was performed by using two-sided Mann-Whitney test, considering a p value ≤ 0.05 as statistically significant (*). O-IN = Objective Insomnia patients. P-IN = Paradoxical Insomnia patients. SE = Sleep Efficiency. WASO = Wake After Sleep Onset. AN = Awakenings’ number. PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.