Table 3. Mitokine assessment.

Mitokines (pg/mL)	NORMAL subjects (n=51)	INSOMNIA patients (n = 38)	p value
FGF21	361 (±266)	245 (±196)	0.024*
GDF15	829 (±460)	934 (± 397)	0.1
HN	962 (±685)	1201 (± 635)	0.036*

Values are expressed as mean ±SD. Statistical analysis was performed by using two-sided Mann-Whitney test. The comparison between normal sleepers and all insomnia patients of the study population matched for age and sex was performed by using two-sided Mann-Whitney test, considering a p value ≤ 0.05 statistically significant (*).