Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with hip fracture and controls†.
| Parameters | Patients | Controls | P |
| N | 286 | 286 | |
| Age (years) | 65(57-75) | 65(57-75) | 1.00 |
| Han, n (%) | 264(92.3) | 264(92.3) | 1.00 |
| BMI(Kg/m2) | 26.2(23.9-28.6) | 25.9(23.7-27.9) | 0.92 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 31(10.8) | 27(9.4) | 0.58 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 42(14.7) | 25(9.7) | 0.03 |
| History of falls during the last year | 1(1-2) | 0(0-1) | 0.009 |
| Hip fracture type, n (%) | — | ||
| Femoral head fracture | 134(46.9) | ||
| Femoral neck fracture | 113(39.5) | ||
| Subtrochanteric | 39(13.6) | ||
| Concomitant upper-limb fractures, n (%) | 25(8.7) | — | |
| Distal radius (%) | 15(5.2) | — | |
| Proximal humerus (%) | 10(3.5) | — | |
| Total hip BMD(g/cm2) | 0.68(0.63-0.70) | 0.75(0.73-0.79) | <0.001 |
| Patients had associated comorbid illnesses, n (%) | 125(47.3) | 115(40.2) | 0.40 |
| Diabetes | 35(12.2) | 27(9.4) | 0.28 |
| Hypertension | 59(20.6) | 50(17.5) | 0.34 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 42(14.7) | 25(8.7) | 0.03 |
| Hyperlipoproteinemia | 33(11.5) | 35(12.2) | 0.80 |
| Time between fracture and blood collection(hs) | 22.5(15.0-28.5) | — | |
| Hospital stay(days) | 8(4-12) | — | |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Serum calcium (mmol/l) | 2.35(2.25-2.46) | 2.44(2.34-2.65) | 0.02 |
| Serum ALP (IU/l) | 232(150-340) | 155(100-230) | <0.001 |
| Serum Hs-CRP (mg dL-1) | 0.35(0.24-0.45) | 0.28(0.18-0.37) | 0.007 |
| Serum TMAO (uM) | 5.8(3.4-8.8) | 4.3(2.6-6.4) | <0.0001 |
†Results are expressed as N(percentages) or as medians (IQR).
NS, no significant; BMI, body mass index; Hs-CRP, High-sensitivity- C-reactive protein (BMI); ALP, alkaline phosphatase; TMAO, Trimethylamine-N-oxide; BMD, bone mineral density.