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NEFA upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, and p53 protein expression. (A–D) After treatment with different concentrations of NEFA, protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and P53 were evaluated by western blotting. (E–G) After pre-treatment with NAC, expression of HO-1 and P53 genes were analyzed via western blot. These results indicated that the ROS induced by NEFA upregulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and P53 proteins. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, * p < 0.05.
