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. 2020 Jun 17;9(6):530. doi: 10.3390/antiox9060530

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of ME, ANDRO, NEO, 14DAP, and 14DAP11-12 on HaCaT cytotoxicity. HaCaT was treated with increasing concentrations (1, 2.5, or 5 µg/mL) of ME (a,f), ANDRO (b,g), NEO (c,h), 14DAP (d,i), or 14DAP11-12 (e,j) for 24 h and 48 h. The control cells were treated with 0.05% DMSO (noted as “0”). Cell viability was analyzed by mitochondrial metabolism using an MTT assay (a–e). Then, cell cytotoxicity was determined by a dosage of extracellular LDH activity (f–j). Cells untreated with stimuli were a negative control and cells treated with lysis agent were a positive control (noted as “Control”). The values are mean ± SD, ** p < 0.01 compared with control group, n = 3. Abbreviations: NEO, neoandrographolide; 14DAP, 14-deoxyandrographolide; 14DAP11-12, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.